Exam Prep

Question 1

Trepanation

Answer 1

(Ancient Medicine) Practice of boring a hole in the skull to relieve cranial pressure or release evil spirits

Question 2

Ancient Egypt

Answer 2

Embalming of the dead was a religious art

Question 3

Ancient China

Answer 3

-Herbal remedies
-Acupuncture
-Reverence of the human body—no dissections

Question 4

Humoral Theory

Answer 4

-Health and disease are dependent on the balance/imbalance of 4 humors
-over 2000 years of medical philosophy
(Ancient Greece)

Question 5

Hippocrates

Answer 5

• regarded as the father of modern medicine
• The Hippocratic Oath
  (Ancient Greece)

Question 6

The Hippocratic Oath

Answer 6

Broad Requirements:
1. Beneficence (to do good or avoid evil)
2. Non-maleficence (from the Latin ‘do no harm’)

Question 7

Aristotle

Answer 7

Founder of “comparative anatomy”
(Ancient Greece)

Question 8

Alexandrian scholarship

Answer 8

-Acceptance of dissection and vivisection (dissection of live people)
- knowledge of anatomy flourished
(Ancient Greece)

Question 9

Ancient Rome

Answer 9

• compiled and preserved Greek information
• human dissection illigeal

Question 10

Galen

Answer 10

• Physician to gladiators
• Compiled and expounded on almost 500 medical papers
• perpetuated the teaching Humoral Theory
• His teachings were authoritative for almost 1500 years
  (Ancient Rome)

Question 11

Islamic World

Answer 11

Preservation of Western scholarship

Question 12

Renaissance Europe

Answer 12

• Human dissection becomes an integral part of university medical curriculum

Question 13

Andreas Vesalius

Answer 13

Strongly challenged the ideas of Galen
(Renaissance Europe)

Question 14

Willian Harvey

Answer 14

(1600s-1700s)
Proved the continuous circulation of blood

Question 15

Anatomical Theaters

Answer 15

-Public human dissections

Question 16

Cell Theory

Answer 16

(1800s)
All body functions eventually interpreted as the effects of cellular functions

Question 17

Germ Theory

Answer 17

(1800s)
Microorganisms (pathogens) are the cause of (many) diseases
-rejections of the Humoral Theory & Miasma Theory

Question 18

1840s

Answer 18

Ether -> anesthesia

Question 19

1865

Answer 19

Joseph Lister’s carbolic acid -> antiseptics

Question 20

Anatomy

Answer 20

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to on another.
- “ana” = apart
- “tomy” = to cut

Question 21

Physiology

Answer 21

The study of how the body and its parts work or function
- “physio” = nature
- “logy” = the study of

Question 22

Gross Anatomy

Answer 22

The study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level
-digestive system

Question 23

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 23

A branch of anatomy that relies on the use of microscopes to examine the smallest structures of the body; tissues, cells, and molecules
-cytology
-histology

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

-Maintenance of stable internal conditions
-Homeostatic imbalance -> disease

Question 25

Negative feedback

Answer 25

-includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

Question 26

Positive feedback

Answer 26

-rare in human body
-increases the original stimulus
-reactions occur faster

Question 27

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 27

-Uses magnetic fields
-Dense structures do not show up
-Good at detecting signs of degenerative disease (that do not show up well in CT scans)