Exam Over Plate Tectonics

Question 1

Mohorivcic

Answer 1

Between crust and mantle.

Question 2

Glutenberg

Answer 2

Between mantle and core.

Question 3

Lithosphere

Answer 3

Earths crust and mantle from crust 80mi down broken into giant pieces plates rest on somewhat fluid part of mantle caller asthenosphere asthenes means weak

Question 4

Asthenosphere

Answer 4

Lies between lithosphere 
Upper part of the mantle
Begins @75mi-125mi
Partially molten rock
asthenes in Greek means "weak"
Can be pushed and formed like silly puddy

Question 5

Pangea=Pan+Gea=?

Answer 5

Pan=all

Gea=land

Question 6

Panthalassa= Pan+thalassa=?

Answer 6

Pan=all

thalassa= ocean

Question 7

Viscous

Answer 7

Thick and sticky liquid

Question 8

Volume

Answer 8

The space an object occupies

Question 9

Sea floor

Answer 9

Bottom of ocean

Question 10

Mantle

Answer 10

Muddy layer of the earth

Question 11

Crust

Answer 11

Rocky outermost layer

Question 12

Core

Answer 12

Extremely hot center of earth

Question 13

Discontinuities

Answer 13

Area between earths interior layers

Question 14

What Two main types of evidence have Geologist used to learn about Earth’s interior?

Answer 14

1. Direct evidence from rock samples- rocks drilled from deep inside earth allow geologists to make inferences about conditions.
2. Indirect evidence from seismic waves- seismic waves produced by earthquakes allow scientists to measure the speed in which they travel giving clues to the surface of the planet.

Question 15

What are the three main layers of Earth?

Answer 15

The crust
The Mantle
The core

Question 16

What is the crust?

Answer 16

Layers of solid rock that forms earth outer “skin”
Includes both dry land and ocean floor
Oceanic crust consists mostly of basalt
Continental crust forms the continent consists mainly of granite

Question 17

What is the Mantle?

Answer 17

Layers of solid hot rock 40 kilometers beneath the surface

Question 18

What three layers is the Mantle divided into? and explain them..!

Answer 18

Lithosphere - uppermost part of the mantle and the crust form a ridge layer about 100 kilometers thick.

Asthenosphere- softer part of the mantle below the lithosphere which is hotter and under increased pressure.

Lower mantle- solid material extending all the way to Earth’s core.

Question 19

What is the core?

Answer 19

Made mostly of the metals iron and nickel

Consists of two part

Question 20

What are the two parts of the core and explain them…?

Answer 20

Outer core- layers of molten melted that surrounds inner core.
Inner core- dense ball of solid material
movements of liquid outer core creates Earth’S magnetic field.

Question 21

How is heat transferred?

Answer 21

Through radiation, conduction and density and convection

Question 22

What is Radiation?

Answer 22

Transfer of energy through empty space; has no direct contact between heat source and an object Example- sunlight warming earths surface.

Question 23

What is Convection?

Answer 23

Transfer of heat by the movement of a heated fluid ( includes liquids and gases). Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences in temperature and density within a fluid

Question 24

What is Density?

Answer 24

Measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance Example heating water on a stove- as water on bottom gets hot it expands, becomes less denies and rises. When the surface water starts warming up it becomes denser and moves to bottom causing a convection current or the flow that transfers heat.

Question 25

Where do the convection currents flow in and what are they?

Answer 25

They flow in the mantle.
Heat source is the earth’s core and from the mantle itself. Theses currents have been acting like a conveyor belt moving the lithosphere above for the past thousands of years.

Question 26

Conduction?

Answer 26

Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter Example metal spoon heating up in a pot of soup.