Exam One - Subjunctive Types Flashcards
Deliberative
(independent) speaker is wondering what to do
Signs: ?
Key words: should…?
Optative
(independent) a wish
Signs: utinam
Key words: wish that…
Hortatory (1st)/Jussive (2nd/3rd)
(independent) an order or suggestion
MOST COMMON independent use of the subjunctive
Key words: let…
Potential
(independent) does the same thing as the deliberative but doesn’t ask a question
Signs: forsitan
Key words: perhaps/maybe…
Purpose
(dependent) shows the reason behind the action
Signs: ut/ne
Key words: …, so that…
Result
(dependent) shows the result of the action
Signs: ita, sic, tam (others include adeo, talis, tantus [-a, -um], tot, and totiens)
Key words: …so…, that…
Cum Clause
(dependent) three types of cum (+subj.):
Circumstantial - when
Causal - because/since
Adversative - even though/although
Protasis
the “if” in a conditional clause (dependent) (si/nisi)
Apodosis
the “then” in a conditional clause (independent)
Conditional: Present General
(dependent)
(indicative)
protasis: present ind.
apodosis: present ind.
Ex. “If you work hard, you are wise.”
Conditional: Past General
(dependent)
(indicative)
protasis: perfect ind.
apodosis: perfect ind.
Ex. “If you worked hard, you were wise.”
Conditional: Future More-vivid
(dependent)
(indicative)
protasis: future ind.
apodosis: future ind.
Ex. “If you build it, they will come.”
Conditional: Future Less-vivid
(dependent)
(subjunctive)
protasis: present subj.
apodosis: present subj.
Ex. “Should you build it, they will come.”
Conditional: Present Contrafactual
(dependent)
(subjunctive)
protasis: imperfect subj.
apodosis: imperfect subj.
Ex. “Were you to build it, they might come.”
Conditional: Past Contrafactual
(dependent)
(subjunctive)
protasis: pluperfect subj.
apodosis: pluperfect subj.
Ex. “Had you built it, they would have come.”
