Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

x.Public Health (PUBH 3001) > exam one study guide > Flashcards

exam one study guide Flashcards

1
Q

public health is the ________ and ___ of _______, _____, and ______

A

science, art;

preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Primary = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ // PREVENTION
Secondary = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ // SCREENINGS
Tertiary = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ // TX AND THERAPY
A
  • people without disease
  • people with non-symptomatic disease
  • people with symptomatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Primary = people w/out disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_
Secondary = non symptomatic people w/ disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_
Tertiary = symptomatic people w/ disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • prevention
  • screenings
  • Tx and therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Primary = people w/out disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_
Secondary = non symptomatic people w/ disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_
Tertiary = symptomatic people w/ disease // \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • prevention
  • screenings
  • Tx and therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = counseling/education
Clinical interventions
Long-lasting prevention interventions
Changing context
\_\_\_\_\_\_ = SES factors
A

Top (small impact); Bottom (largest impact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the health impact pyramid, top is _____ impactful while the bottom is _____ impactful; does impact = importance?

A

least, most, impact does not equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Top 10 Public Health Advances 1900-1999

A
  1. Vaccination
  2. Motor-vehicle safety
  3. Safer workplaces
  4. Control of infectious diseases
  5. Decr. deaths from heart disease and stroke
  6. Safer and healthier foods
  7. Healthier mothers and babies
  8. Family planning
  9. Fluoridation of drinking water
  10. Recognition of tobacco as health hazard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Top 10 Public Health Advances 1900-1999 acronym

A

VMSCD - SHFFR

very merry santa claus doesn’t save his fanfare for reindeer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Top 10 Public Health Advances 2000-2010

A
  1. Vaccine-preventable diseases
  2. Prevention and control of infectious diseases
  3. Tobacco control
  4. Maternal and infant health
  5. Motor vehicle safety
  6. CVD prevention
  7. Occupational safety
  8. Cancer prevention
  9. Childhood lead poisoning prevention
  10. Public health preparedness and response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Top 10 Public Health Awareness (2000-2010) acronym

A

VPTMM-COCCP

very poor Timmy made many copies of Captain Cooper’s paycheck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ecological approach layer o

A

age, sex, hereditary, largely “fixed” or nonmodifiable determinants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ecological approach layer 1

A

individual lifestyle factors: behaviors and attitudes that influence health; includes health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, poor diet, lack of physical activity).

Ex: vaccine campaign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ecological approach layer 2

A

social and community networks: network of family, friends, wider social circle. Refers to how individuals interact with peers/immediate community and come under social/community influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ecological approach layer 3

A

living/working conditions, material/social conditions in which people live and work, determined by various factors (housing, education, employment)

Ex: safe routes to school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecological approach layer 4

A

general socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Those that prevail in society as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

something that plays an essential role in the onset of health issue [MUST be present for disease to occur]

A

cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an exposure or characteristic which increases the likelihood of developing a particular condition

A

risk factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

an exposure or characteristic which decreases the likelihood of developing a particular condition

A

protective factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

evaluation that documents and analyzes all aspects of the actual implementation of strategy or program

A

process evaluations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

evaluation that is focused on program design or improvement, helps to refine or improve a program

A

formative evaluations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

evaluation that is focused on program judgment, often at the end

A

summative evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Steps in the Public Health Approach

A

Step 1: Describe/Define the problem
Step 2: Identify Risk Factors/Protective Factors
Step 3: Develop and test prevention strategies (interventions)
Step 4: Ensure widespread adoption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a health system is the sum total of all the ________ whose primary purpose is to _______. A health system needs _________________________________. And it needs to provide services that are responsive and financially fair, while treating people decently

A

organizations, institutions and resources, improve health; staff, funds, information, supplies, transport, communications and overall guidance and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sources of health information
Primary =
Secondary =
Tertiary =

A 
Primary = studies
Secondary =  fact sheets, textbooks, 
Tertiary = summaries secondary. “Lay press”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

10 top services of public health

A
  • asses/monitor population health
  • investigate/diagnose/address health hazards
  • communicate effectively to inform/educate
  • strengthen/support communities and partnerships
  • create/champion policy/plans/laws
  • utilize legal/regulatory action
  • enable equitable access
  • build a diverse/skilled workforce
  • improve through evaluation/research
  • build/maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
25
Q

Public Health’s 3 core functions

A

assessment, policy development, assurance

26
Q

Gostin’s 7 models of public health interventions

A
  1. The power to tax and spend
    Ex: support public health infrastructure; tax relief for medical services, childcare; taxes on sale of hazardous products (such as alcohol)
  2. The power to alter the informational environment
    Ex: require businesses to label products (instructions for safe use, health warnings)
  3. The power to alter the built environment
    Reduce injury, infectious disease, environmentally associated harms
  4. The power to alter the socio-economic environment
    Low SES material disadvantage
  5. Direct regulation of persons, professionals, and businesses
    Ex: Individual behaviors (seat belt, helmets), licenses of healthcare professionals
  6. Indirect regulation through tort system
    Ex: civil litigation regarding environmental damage, exposure to toxic chemical; medical malpractice
    Usually happens after the fact
  7. Deregulation: law as a barrier to health
    Consider laws that have unintended health consequences, such as laws penalizing exchanges of pharmacy sales of syringes/needles; laws that criminalize sex workers
27
Q

policy that extends goods and services to ‘members’

A

distributive

28
Q

policy that uses gov’t taxes one group of people to provide benefits to another

A

redistributive

29
Q

policy that limits individuals/agencies to certain types of behavior and people/entities can be fined or sanctioned

A

regulatory

30
Q

example of distributive policy

A

Ex: employee benefit plans, subsidies (food production for farmers)

31
Q

example of redistributive policy

A

Ex: healthcare (medicare for elderly), stabilization (unemployment, retirement)

32
Q

example of regulatory policy

A

Ex: speed limits, business/professional regulations (prices, fraud)

33
Q

official federal poverty measure facts

  1. created in the ____
  2. set ____ threshold, based on ____
A
  1. 1960s

2. income, family size

34
Q

health disparities: _____ differences in the __________ that are experienced by a population.

A
  • preventable

- burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health

35
Q

health inequity is the attainment of ___________. It involves the focus and ongoing efforts to address _____ and ________.

A

highest level of health for all people, avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices

36
Q

structural racism is the normalization of an array of __________ that routinely advantage white people across _________ while producing cumulative & chronic adverse outcomes for POC and Indigenous communities

A

historical, cultural, institutional, and interpersonal dynamics; mutually reinforcing systems

37
Q

equality means “______”; equity means “__________”

A

everyone gets a box to reach the apple on the tree; everyone gets the correct size of box for them to grab the apple on the tree

38
Q

health equity is both a ____ and an _____

A

process, outcome

39
Q

4 key public health interventions for addressing racial health inequalities

A

Racial Equity
Justice for All
Youth at the Centre
Opportunity to Thrive.

40
Q

institutional racism refers to the _________ within and across institutions that, intentionally or not, produce outcomes that chronically ____________

A

policies and practices; favor, or put a racial group at a disadvantage.

41
Q

Vision of Healthy People 2030

A

A society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the lifespan.

42
Q

Mission of Healthy People 2030

A

To promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation’s efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people.

43
Q

why are BIPOC patients frequently underdiagnosed when it comes to skin conditions?

A
  • lack of education/research among doctors

- images of darker skin not included in medical training

44
Q

epidemiology is the study of the ______ and _________ in populations.

A

distribution, determinants of disease frequency

45
Q

Refers to the number of new cases in a population. It measures the appearance of the disease in a population in a defined period of time.

A

incidence

46
Q

Refers to the total number of cases existing in a defined population at a single point in time.

A

prevalence

47
Q

The number of new cases in a defined population at risk over a defined period of time (often as a rate / 1000)

A

incidence rate

48
Q

(same as _____ rate) The frequency with which a disease appears in a population (often as a rate / 1000)

A

prevalence rate; morbidity rate

49
Q

Rates are often calculated on a _______ basis

A

group-specific

50
Q

Epidemic curve is a visual display of the _______ over ____ based on the _______

A

frequency of new cases, time, date of onset of disease

51
Q

why measure community health status?

A
  • Understand current health issues
  • Understand changes in health status
  • Understand factors that influence health status
  • We must know what we are measuring and if we can compare!
52
Q

What do you do with epidemiologic data?

A
  • Identify needs
  • Make decisions about investments in health
  • Assess performance of health programs
  • Public health policy development and evaluation
53
Q

criteria for association

  • is the association ____?
  • is there clear ____?
  • if an experiment removes the risk factor, does that ________ of the disease?
A
  • strong
  • temporality (time sequence)
  • reduce the risk
54
Q

Rose’s Theorem: a large number of people exposed to a small risk may generate many ____ cases than a small number exposed to a large risk

A

more

55
Q

what does an epi do?

A
  • perform surveillance
  • analyze data
  • attempt to control & prevent disease
  • design/implement studies
56
Q

centralized reporting = go to _____ first then to ____

A

head of state (central), localized

57
Q

decentralized reporting = reportable disease/events go to the____ first then to the

A

county health department, the state health department

58
Q

zoonotic disease is a disease that can be passed __________

A

between animals and humans

59
Q

what makes zoonotic disease unique?

A
  • many different transmission routes
  • Apprx. 60% of human diseases are zoonotic
  • Apprx. 75% of new emerging disease are zoonotic
  • crosscut of other public health disciplines

x.Public Health (PUBH 3001) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions