Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

x.Public Health (PUBH 3001) > exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Why have obesity rates changed so drastically in such a short period of time?

A
  • increase in sitting at work
  • increased portion sizes
  • increased modes of transportation that are not active (biking v. cars)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What measurements are used to determine obesity?

A

BMI, waist circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the “double burden of disease”?

A

Many low and middle-income countries are now facing this // (infectious disease
and undernutrition as well as obesity and
overweight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In addition to diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, obesity increases the risk of what other diseases?

A

mental health disorders, osteoarthritis, asthma, low back pain, colon/gallbladder/endometrial cancer, menstrual issues/infertility, sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do we know about different populations and the BMI?

A
  • at same BMI, women tend to have more body fat than women
  • at same BMI, older adults tend to have more body fat than younger adults
  • highly trained athletes may have a high BMI due to incr. muscularity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pros of using BMI?

A

Quick, cost effective, minimum technician training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cons of using BMI?

A

only one indicator of related to risk to obesity related disease, need to consider wait measurement, need to consider other risk factors (BP, physical inactivity, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the current exercise guidelines?

A

-150 minutes moderate-intensity aerobic activity and muscle strengthening activities on 2+ days/week
OR
-75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per
week and muscle strengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the adverse health effects of prolonged sitting?

A
  • Production of fat-burning enzymes decreases by as much as 90%
  • Slows body’s metabolism (impacts HDL)
  • Directly tied to: heart disease, type II diabetes, breast/colon cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pollution inequality means…

A

black and Hispanic minorities bear a disproportionate burden from
the air pollution caused mainly by non-Hispanic whites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

air pollution acute effects

A

respiratory tract infections; irritation to eyes, nose, throat; nausea; lethargy; etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

air pollution chronic effects

A

cancers; asthma, chronic respiratory disease; heart disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are children at greater risk of the negative health effects from environmental pollutants?

A
  • Immaturity of respiratory tract

- Children close to mother (who is by fire/cooking source)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

point source pollution: The pollution that comes from a ______, such as a _______

A

specific, identifiable source; pipe or channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nonpoint source solution: the pollution that occurs
when ______ moves over or
through ____________.

A

rainfall or snowfall, ground that contains pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

groundwater pollution: pollution that develops
when _____ come into contact with and ____
in water that has ______

A

hazardous substances, dissolve, soaked into the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During what time of life do most deaths occur for infants?

A

the first week of life, with 1/4

taking place in the first 24 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
neonatal = \_\_\_\_\_
perinatal = \_\_\_\_\_
A

first month of life, first week of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two best indicators of child health and survival?

A
  • birth weight

- period of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • flexible, family-friendly policies result in _____
  • paid parental leave is linked to ___________
  • people with paid sick leave are more likely to ________
A

-economic benefits to employers
-lower infant mortality rates and better health for both infants and mothers.
-visit their health care providers for timely care
and recover more quickly from an illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are benefits of breastfeeding?

A
  • consists of proper vitamins, protein, fat
  • consists of antibodies
  • lowers risk of allergies
  • lowers risk of breast/ovarian cancer
  • release oxytocin which helps uterus return to pre-pregnancy size
22
Q

List short term and long term negative health impacts of low birth weight

A

short term: risk of brain bleed, poor respiratory function,

long term: increased risk of allergens, risk of respiratory issues, learning difficulties, incr. risk of SIDS

23
Q

benefits from slide on paid paternal leave

A

Allows people to avoid having to choose between
caring for families and keeping their jobs
• Provides financial security, particularly for folks who
cannot afford to take unpaid leave
• Helps children get a strong start in life
- More preventative care
- Reduced infant hospitalizations
• Improves business productivity
• Helps close the gender pay gap
• Reduces parental stress / improves mental health

24
Q

Kangaroo Mother Care. Define and list benefits for mother/child

A

def: practiced on babies, usually on a preterm infant, where the infant is held skin-to-skin with his mother/father
benefits: Warmth, breastfeeding, stimulation, safety, affection

25
Q

list of major contributors to child deaths

A
  • limited access to health facilities
  • vulnerability
  • complications during pregnancy/delivery
  • hunger/poverty
  • hypothermia
  • diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria
26
Q

Describe a key intervention for reducing child mortality and morbidity, according to lecture

A

help the mother, address poverty/nutritional needs, assisting in breastfeeding, knowledge of kangaroo care,

27
Q

What is the difference between an event and an emergency (according to public health emergency preparedness)?

A

an event becomes an emergency when there is the health systems cannot support the large need the public has

28
Q

Four steps of public health emergency preparedness

A

Prevention
Mitigation
Response
Recover

29
Q

what are 3 steps in the All-Hazards Planning?

A
  • base plan
  • functional annexes
  • hazard annexes
30
Q

a functional annex includes…

A

direction & control, communications,

health & medial, evacuation, resource management

31
Q

a hazard annex includes…

A

flood, civil unrest, hurricane, hazardous

material, tornado

32
Q

How were people doubly victimized in the North Minneapolis tornado emergency?

A

Lack of preventative services in rental upkeep/code mtx, then not letting people back into their homes after bc of code violations

33
Q

What demographics are prioritized for door knocking during extreme heat events, and why?

A
  • Individuals 65+, especially those who live alone
  • Children
  • Individuals with pre-existing disease conditions
  • Individuals taking certain medications

More at risk for heat-related illnesses

34
Q

Additional demographics in door-knocking:

A

No air-conditioning
• Low socioeconomic status
• Living in urban areas (urban heat island effect)
• Living in a topmost floor of a building
• Living alone and lacking social or family ties
• Prolonged exposure to heat and sun

35
Q

Why did Kate use the quote “Plans are nothing. Planning is everything.” to describe the public health emergency preparedness process of planning?

A

planning is a continuous process; plans are written and need to be revised/practiced

36
Q

Minnesota (summers/winters) are warming faster than (summers/winters)

A

winters faster than summers

37
Q

What were scientists’ predictions about climate change? Were they correct?

A

thought to raise temp by 2.7 to 8.1 degrees F; actual might be 4.1 to 8.1 degrees F, more of midrange than lower range

38
Q

Regions with certain vector borne diseases will _____ with ___________

A

increase with temperature zones changing

39
Q

with climate change, there will be an _____ in violent conflicts (due to need to
__________, etc.)

A

increase, relocate/resource allocation

40
Q

How soon is it that the vector is able to

transmit the disease?

A

The warmer it is, the shorter

the time frame

41
Q

In the U.S., how many deaths do we see from gun-related homicides? How many deaths do we see from gun-related suicides?

A

More deaths from gun suicide than gun homicides

42
Q

What do we know about funding for research on gun violence?

A

Gun rights spending is more than gun control spending // research funding is much less for its mortality rate

43
Q

What is the difference between impulsive and targeted violence?

A
  • Impulsive: carried out in the heat of the moment (an argument that escalates into assault)
  • Targeted (predatory) violence: plann in advance of attack; directed toward an identified target (incidents of mass casualty gun violence)
44
Q

Project safe neighboorhod project
-Nationwide program began in ___
-Involved ________ in cities across the country
- _______ in reducing gun violence, especially when tailored to gun violence
__________________________________

A
  • 2001
  • 94 U.S. attorneys
  • successful, needs of specific communities
45
Q

How does Minnesota compare to other states regarding regulation and banning of assault weapons?

A

MN regulates assault weapons, but does not ban them

46
Q

population crash at carrying capacity

A

J curve

47
Q

population stabilizes at carrying capacity

A

S curve

48
Q

carrying capacity is: Number of organisms ______ by environment, if exceeds, ____ occurs

A

can be supported, crash

49
Q

Explain the relationship between infant mortality and total fertility

A

Direct: decrease infant mortality, decrease total fertility

50
Q

Explain the relationship between female literacy rate and population growth

A

Inverse relationship: as female literacy rate increases, population growth decreases

51
Q

Describe an effective or promising intervention for aging health issues

A

Intergenerational facilities, prevention of falls, “Cycling without age”, promoting smoke-free lifestyle

52
Q

stages of the demographic transition model

A

pre-modern
industrializing/urbanizing
mature industrial
post industrial

x.Public Health (PUBH 3001) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions