exam one: chapters 1-4 (part one) Flashcards
Who is the largest group of health care providers in the United States
registered nurses
What gender is dominant in the nursing profession
women
what is the median age of nurses
43.69
what percentage of racial/ethnic minority backgrounds work as an RN
31%
what are the three mechanisms by which one can get to qualify to take the NCLEX
(1) a 4-year education at a college or university conferring a BSN degree
(2) a 2-year education at a community college or technical school conferring an associates degree in nursing
(3) a diploma in nursing, awarded after the successful completion of a hospital-based program (typically takes 3 years)
what is nursing
the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
who represents all the nurses across the country
American nurses association (ANA)
What percent of nurses are younger than 50 that are employed in nursing
91%
What percent of nurses are men
12.7%
how many people are licensed nurses
4 million
What is the Affordable Care Act
it consists of the patient protection and affordable care act and then health care and education affordability reconciliation act; it was passed to improve health insurance coverage
what is the inflation reduction act
gives medicare the ability to price drugs how they want by negotiation; for the elderly population
what is the Medicaid eligibility and expansion act
each state decides what medicare covers by negotiation
where do most nurses practice
63.2% of nurses work in hospitals
6.4% of nurses work in what facility
home health
7.8% of nurses work in what facility
public and community health
what are the different positions that are available to nurses in the hospital (5)
nurse management, direct patient care, APRNs/CNS, research and education, and/or case management
what is a clinical ladder
a multistep program that begins with entry-level staff nurse positions
who is in charge of all activities on their unit, including patient care, continuous quality improvement, personnel hiring and evaluation, and resource management, including the unit budget
nurse managers
who was Lillian Ward
one of the first community health nurses; started the Henry street settlement in New York City in 1895
what type of nurses have broader responsibilities and scope of practice than do civilian nurses
military nurses
what is a major benefit of military nursing
opportunity for advanced education
what is parish nursing
associated with a church congregation, cultural perspective and patient centered
who worked on both the physical and mental sides of nursing, established the first training school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London, and did dada collecting on morbidity and mortality to help reform the british medical system
Florence Nightingale
who was Mary Seacole
Jamaican nurse and business woman who was voted the greatest black Briton and was an expert on cholera
during which time period were there no available professional nurses at the start so there was a call to duty and therefore an emergence of nurses and nurse leaders to help
the American civil war
what is referred to as the basic education to become a nurse
entry level
once graduated from a school of nursing approved by your state what are graduates qualified to take
NCLEX-RN
what is the purpose of taking the nclex-rn
once passed, you become a licensed nurse by your state
what type of setting is nurse-based practices, physician-based practices, and free-standing emergency and surgical centers apart of
ambulatory care (10.5% of nurses work)
what facilities employed 5.3% of nurses in the workforce
extended care
who is at the top most of the clinical ladder who are APN’s with masters, post-masters, or doctoral degrees in specialized areas of nursing, such as oncology or diabetes care
clinical nurse specialists
what is care that is based on the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preference
evidence-based practice
who was the founder of modern nursing
Florence nightingale
who was a longterm advocate for the mentally ill in prewar years
Dorothea L. Dix
who worked as an herbalist, creating alternate treatments with plants and herbs
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
who was a well-known nursing pioneer who founded the American Red Cross
Clara barton
who is considered americas first professionally trained nurse
linda richards
who was the first African American professionally educated nurse
Mary Eliza Mahoney
where did several influential leaders of the century, such as Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Lloyd Dock, and Bedford Fenwick, gather to share ideas and discuss issues pertaining to nursing education
1893 Chicago World’s Fair
what is the social construction of behaviors, roles, beliefs, and values that are specific to men and women
gender
in the mid-1800’s what were the most common roles assumed by women
caring for their families and others, maintaining the household, and taking care of husband and children
in the mid-1800’s who did the women rely on for family support
husbands
what was a common stereotype of women in the mid-1800’s
women are intellectually inferior to men and hence women are not called to make decisions or think for themselves
during the 11, 12, and 13th centuries in Europe, who provided much of the nursing care and who did they preform the care under
men; military or religious orders
what are the top three reasons identified by men for becoming nurses
(1) desire to help people
(2) perception that nursing is a growth profession with many career paths
(3) desire to have a stable career
what was established in 1974 to address, discuss, and influence factors that affect men in nursing
the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)
if one looked up a picture of nurses in todays time, what would appear
photos of young men and women wearing scrubs with stethoscopes around their neck
a few years ago if someone was to look up pictures of nurses, what appeared
photos of cartoon white females wearing nurse’s caps and white dresses along with distressed women with the title “nursing crisis” or “job” on their heads
what were caps a symbol of
nursing profession
what were nurses rated according to a report released by Gallup in 2017
nurses are rated the highest among a number of professions and occupations on honesty and ethics
who was a major cooperation that began a multi-million dollar campaign to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators, and to retain nurses currently in the system
Johnson & Johnson
what is the “Truth About Nursing” organization
its a nonprofit with the mission to increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care
to meet the challenge of an increasingly diverse population entering the health care system, what do nurses need to be educated on
to be aware and respectful of cultural differences between themselves and their patients and among their patients
what has the language of cultural education varied over time from
cultural competence to cultural sensitivity to cultural humility
what view understands that he or she cannot be competent in another’s culture, but one can take a posture of willingness to learn and gain experience about other cultures through those who inhabit the culture
cultural humility
what type of nursing shortage includes salary issues, long hours, increased responsibility for unlicensed workers, and significant responsibility with little authority
internal causes
what type of nursing shortage is attributed to several factors, including change in demand for nursing services, the increase age of the American population, greater acuity of hospitalized individuals, public perceptions of nursing as a profession, and ever-widening career options for women
external causes
what are attributed to doctorally prepared and master’s degree prepared faculty now being more than 50 years of age, nurses with advanced degrees who are being hired into more lucrative private sector or clinical positions, and not enough doctoral or master’s level graduates being produced to meet the demands for nursing education
faculty shortages
what are four major initiatives that made or are making an impact on the nursing workforce
(1) the American recovery and reinvestment acts
(2) the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(3) Johnson & Johnson’s Campaign for Nursing’s Future
(4) the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program
what was Flexner’s list of criteria that he believed were characteristics of all true professions
(1) basically intellectual and accompanied by a high degree of individual responsibility
(2) based on a body of knowledge
(3) both practical and theoretical
(4) can be taught
(5) has a strong internal organization
(6) motivated by altruism and who are responsive to public interests
what were Hall’s professional model with five attributes of professions
(1) use of professional organization
(2) belief in value of public service
(3) belief in self-regulation
(4) commitment
(5) sense of autonomy
what chiefly engages one time: trade, profession, or business
occupation
what is a calling, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility
profession
what is a generally followed sequential development that starts with practitioners of these professions performing full-time work in the discipline and ends with establishing codes of ethics known as
professionalization
who noted that in the current global climate, it is no longer enough for health care workers to be professional…they also need to be interprofessional
world health organization (who)
what are the four domains of inter professional collaborative practice competency
(1) values/ethics
(2) roles/responsibilities
(3) interprofessional communication
(4) teams and teamwork
who spent much of their nursing career exploring the dimensions of professional nursing
Dr. Kelly
what are Dr. Kelly’s characteristics that she believed nurses should have
(1) the services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society
(2) there is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through research
(3) accountability is a strong feature
(4) practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learning
(5) practitioners have a sense of autonomy
(6) practitioners are motivated by altruism
(7) there is a code of ethics to guide the decisions and conduct
(8) there is an association that encourages and supports high standards of practice
what is the first step to reduce the barriers to professionalization
identify those barriers
what is the most obvious barrier to nursings’ achievement of professional status
the variability of educational back grounds for entry into practice
gender plays a rile in the perceived value of the profession is dominated by what
women
what are two liabilities that have historical connections that has positive and negative effects today that are linked to religious and military order influence
deference to other professionals and altruism
tensions between nursing and medicine have risen, this is what type of conflict
external
tensions among different degrees/education have reduced the vitality of the profession. the proliferation of nursing organizations and competition among them for members may diminish rather than increase nursing’s influence in the health care arena by diluting concentrations of interested state holders across many organizations ; this is what type of conflict
internal
what are four key messages that are at the center of the future nursing report
(1) practice to the fullest extent
(2) attain higher education levels
(3) nurses should be full partners
(4) improved date collection and information infrastructure can result in a more effective workforce
who is credited with founding modern nursing and creating the first educational system for nursing
florence nightingale
what school did Florence nightingale open
st Thomas’s hospital in London
what are the three ways to prepare for a career as an RN
(1) hospital-based diploma program
(2) BSN program
(3) associates degree in nursing program (ADN)
what type of program was the earliest form of nursing education in the U.S
hospital-based diploma
nurses needed what type of degree to qualify nursing as a recognized profession and to provide leadership in administration, teaching, and public health
BSN
what year and where was the first BSN program established
1909 by the University of Minnesota
how many BSN programs were established by 1919
7
why were the growth in the number of the BSN programs early on slow
the reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline and because of the power of the hospital based diploma programs
what is the newest form of basic preparation for RN practice that was begun in 1952 to address the post-world war II nursing shortage
ADN (associate degree in nursing)
what programs are now the most common type of basic nursing education program in the U.S. and graduate the most RN candidates of all the basic programs
ADN
what refers to voluntary review process if educational programs by a professional organization, which compares the educational qualification of the program with established standards and criteria
accreditation
what is the purpose of a masters education
to prepare people with advanced nursing knowledge and clinical practice skills in a specialized area of practice
what is the average traditional program length of a masters program
18-24 months
what does the master’s curriculum include
theory, research, clinical practice, and courses in other disciplines
the research focused doctorate for students with prior degrees in nursing is what
PhD
what is a PhD
an academic degree that prepares nurse scholars for research and the development of theory
what refers to state regulation of the practice of nursing that is required of individuals at the entry point to practice and must be renewed periodically
licensure
what validates a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a particular practice area
certification
how long is certification valid for when granted
3-5 years
what is the measure of CE credit
credit hours
