exam one: chapters 1-4 (part one) Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Who is the largest group of health care providers in the United States
A
registered nurses
2
Q
What gender is dominant in the nursing profession
A
women
3
Q
what is the median age of nurses
A
43.69
4
Q
what percentage of racial/ethnic minority backgrounds work as an RN
A
31%
5
Q
what are the three mechanisms by which one can get to qualify to take the NCLEX
A
(1) a 4-year education at a college or university conferring a BSN degree
(2) a 2-year education at a community college or technical school conferring an associates degree in nursing
(3) a diploma in nursing, awarded after the successful completion of a hospital-based program (typically takes 3 years)
6
Q
what is nursing
A
the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
7
Q
who represents all the nurses across the country
A
American nurses association (ANA)
8
Q
What percent of nurses are younger than 50 that are employed in nursing
A
91%
9
Q
What percent of nurses are men
A
12.7%
10
Q
how many people are licensed nurses
A
4 million
11
Q
What is the Affordable Care Act
A
it consists of the patient protection and affordable care act and then health care and education affordability reconciliation act; it was passed to improve health insurance coverage
12
Q
what is the inflation reduction act
A
gives medicare the ability to price drugs how they want by negotiation; for the elderly population
13
Q
what is the Medicaid eligibility and expansion act
A
each state decides what medicare covers by negotiation
14
Q
where do most nurses practice
A
63.2% of nurses work in hospitals
15
Q
6.4% of nurses work in what facility
A
home health
16
Q
7.8% of nurses work in what facility
A
public and community health
17
Q
what are the different positions that are available to nurses in the hospital (5)
A
nurse management, direct patient care, APRNs/CNS, research and education, and/or case management
18
Q
what is a clinical ladder
A
a multistep program that begins with entry-level staff nurse positions
19
Q
who is in charge of all activities on their unit, including patient care, continuous quality improvement, personnel hiring and evaluation, and resource management, including the unit budget
A
nurse managers
20
Q
who was Lillian Ward
A
one of the first community health nurses; started the Henry street settlement in New York City in 1895
21
Q
what type of nurses have broader responsibilities and scope of practice than do civilian nurses
A
military nurses
22
Q
what is a major benefit of military nursing
A
opportunity for advanced education
23
Q
what is parish nursing
A
associated with a church congregation, cultural perspective and patient centered
24
Q
who worked on both the physical and mental sides of nursing, established the first training school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London, and did dada collecting on morbidity and mortality to help reform the british medical system
A
Florence Nightingale
25
who was Mary Seacole
Jamaican nurse and business woman who was voted the greatest black Briton and was an expert on cholera
26
during which time period were there no available professional nurses at the start so there was a call to duty and therefore an emergence of nurses and nurse leaders to help
the American civil war
27
what is referred to as the basic education to become a nurse
entry level
28
once graduated from a school of nursing approved by your state what are graduates qualified to take
NCLEX-RN
29
what is the purpose of taking the nclex-rn
once passed, you become a licensed nurse by your state
30
what type of setting is nurse-based practices, physician-based practices, and free-standing emergency and surgical centers apart of
ambulatory care (10.5% of nurses work)
31
what facilities employed 5.3% of nurses in the workforce
extended care
32
who is at the top most of the clinical ladder who are APN's with masters, post-masters, or doctoral degrees in specialized areas of nursing, such as oncology or diabetes care
clinical nurse specialists
33
what is care that is based on the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preference
evidence-based practice
34
who was the founder of modern nursing
Florence nightingale
35
who was a longterm advocate for the mentally ill in prewar years
Dorothea L. Dix
36
who worked as an herbalist, creating alternate treatments with plants and herbs
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
37
who was a well-known nursing pioneer who founded the American Red Cross
Clara barton
38
who is considered americas first professionally trained nurse
linda richards
39
who was the first African American professionally educated nurse
Mary Eliza Mahoney
40
where did several influential leaders of the century, such as Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Lloyd Dock, and Bedford Fenwick, gather to share ideas and discuss issues pertaining to nursing education
1893 Chicago World's Fair
41
what is the social construction of behaviors, roles, beliefs, and values that are specific to men and women
gender
42
in the mid-1800's what were the most common roles assumed by women
caring for their families and others, maintaining the household, and taking care of husband and children
43
in the mid-1800's who did the women rely on for family support
husbands
44
what was a common stereotype of women in the mid-1800's
women are intellectually inferior to men and hence women are not called to make decisions or think for themselves
45
during the 11, 12, and 13th centuries in Europe, who provided much of the nursing care and who did they preform the care under
men; military or religious orders
46
what are the top three reasons identified by men for becoming nurses
(1) desire to help people
(2) perception that nursing is a growth profession with many career paths
(3) desire to have a stable career
47
what was established in 1974 to address, discuss, and influence factors that affect men in nursing
the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)
48
if one looked up a picture of nurses in todays time, what would appear
photos of young men and women wearing scrubs with stethoscopes around their neck
49
a few years ago if someone was to look up pictures of nurses, what appeared
photos of cartoon white females wearing nurse's caps and white dresses along with distressed women with the title "nursing crisis" or "job" on their heads
50
what were caps a symbol of
nursing profession
51
what were nurses rated according to a report released by Gallup in 2017
nurses are rated the highest among a number of professions and occupations on honesty and ethics
52
who was a major cooperation that began a multi-million dollar campaign to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators, and to retain nurses currently in the system
Johnson & Johnson
53
what is the "Truth About Nursing" organization
its a nonprofit with the mission to increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care
54
to meet the challenge of an increasingly diverse population entering the health care system, what do nurses need to be educated on
to be aware and respectful of cultural differences between themselves and their patients and among their patients
55
what has the language of cultural education varied over time from
cultural competence to cultural sensitivity to cultural humility
56
what view understands that he or she cannot be competent in another's culture, but one can take a posture of willingness to learn and gain experience about other cultures through those who inhabit the culture
cultural humility
57
what type of nursing shortage includes salary issues, long hours, increased responsibility for unlicensed workers, and significant responsibility with little authority
internal causes
58
what type of nursing shortage is attributed to several factors, including change in demand for nursing services, the increase age of the American population, greater acuity of hospitalized individuals, public perceptions of nursing as a profession, and ever-widening career options for women
external causes
59
what are attributed to doctorally prepared and master's degree prepared faculty now being more than 50 years of age, nurses with advanced degrees who are being hired into more lucrative private sector or clinical positions, and not enough doctoral or master's level graduates being produced to meet the demands for nursing education
faculty shortages
60
what are four major initiatives that made or are making an impact on the nursing workforce
(1) the American recovery and reinvestment acts
(2) the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(3) Johnson & Johnson's Campaign for Nursing's Future
(4) the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program
61
what was Flexner's list of criteria that he believed were characteristics of all true professions
(1) basically intellectual and accompanied by a high degree of individual responsibility
(2) based on a body of knowledge
(3) both practical and theoretical
(4) can be taught
(5) has a strong internal organization
(6) motivated by altruism and who are responsive to public interests
62
what were Hall's professional model with five attributes of professions
(1) use of professional organization
(2) belief in value of public service
(3) belief in self-regulation
(4) commitment
(5) sense of autonomy
63
what chiefly engages one time: trade, profession, or business
occupation
64
what is a calling, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility
profession
65
what is a generally followed sequential development that starts with practitioners of these professions performing full-time work in the discipline and ends with establishing codes of ethics known as
professionalization
66
who noted that in the current global climate, it is no longer enough for health care workers to be professional...they also need to be interprofessional
world health organization (who)
67
what are the four domains of inter professional collaborative practice competency
(1) values/ethics
(2) roles/responsibilities
(3) interprofessional communication
(4) teams and teamwork
68
who spent much of their nursing career exploring the dimensions of professional nursing
Dr. Kelly
69
what are Dr. Kelly's characteristics that she believed nurses should have
(1) the services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society
(2) there is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through research
(3) accountability is a strong feature
(4) practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learning
(5) practitioners have a sense of autonomy
(6) practitioners are motivated by altruism
(7) there is a code of ethics to guide the decisions and conduct
(8) there is an association that encourages and supports high standards of practice
70
what is the first step to reduce the barriers to professionalization
identify those barriers
71
what is the most obvious barrier to nursings' achievement of professional status
the variability of educational back grounds for entry into practice
72
gender plays a rile in the perceived value of the profession is dominated by what
women
73
what are two liabilities that have historical connections that has positive and negative effects today that are linked to religious and military order influence
deference to other professionals and altruism
74
tensions between nursing and medicine have risen, this is what type of conflict
external
75
tensions among different degrees/education have reduced the vitality of the profession. the proliferation of nursing organizations and competition among them for members may diminish rather than increase nursing's influence in the health care arena by diluting concentrations of interested state holders across many organizations ; this is what type of conflict
internal
76
what are four key messages that are at the center of the future nursing report
(1) practice to the fullest extent
(2) attain higher education levels
(3) nurses should be full partners
(4) improved date collection and information infrastructure can result in a more effective workforce
77
who is credited with founding modern nursing and creating the first educational system for nursing
florence nightingale
78
what school did Florence nightingale open
st Thomas's hospital in London
79
what are the three ways to prepare for a career as an RN
(1) hospital-based diploma program
(2) BSN program
(3) associates degree in nursing program (ADN)
80
what type of program was the earliest form of nursing education in the U.S
hospital-based diploma
81
nurses needed what type of degree to qualify nursing as a recognized profession and to provide leadership in administration, teaching, and public health
BSN
82
what year and where was the first BSN program established
1909 by the University of Minnesota
83
how many BSN programs were established by 1919
7
84
why were the growth in the number of the BSN programs early on slow
the reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline and because of the power of the hospital based diploma programs
85
what is the newest form of basic preparation for RN practice that was begun in 1952 to address the post-world war II nursing shortage
ADN (associate degree in nursing)
86
what programs are now the most common type of basic nursing education program in the U.S. and graduate the most RN candidates of all the basic programs
ADN
87
what refers to voluntary review process if educational programs by a professional organization, which compares the educational qualification of the program with established standards and criteria
accreditation
88
what is the purpose of a masters education
to prepare people with advanced nursing knowledge and clinical practice skills in a specialized area of practice
89
what is the average traditional program length of a masters program
18-24 months
90
what does the master's curriculum include
theory, research, clinical practice, and courses in other disciplines
91
the research focused doctorate for students with prior degrees in nursing is what
PhD
92
what is a PhD
an academic degree that prepares nurse scholars for research and the development of theory
93
what refers to state regulation of the practice of nursing that is required of individuals at the entry point to practice and must be renewed periodically
licensure
94
what validates a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a particular practice area
certification
95
how long is certification valid for when granted
3-5 years
96
what is the measure of CE credit
credit hours
