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intro to professional nursing > exam one: chapters 1-4 (part one) > Flashcards

exam one: chapters 1-4 (part one) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is the largest group of health care providers in the United States

A

registered nurses

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2
Q

What gender is dominant in the nursing profession

A

women

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3
Q

what is the median age of nurses

A

43.69

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4
Q

what percentage of racial/ethnic minority backgrounds work as an RN

A

31%

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5
Q

what are the three mechanisms by which one can get to qualify to take the NCLEX

A

(1) a 4-year education at a college or university conferring a BSN degree
(2) a 2-year education at a community college or technical school conferring an associates degree in nursing
(3) a diploma in nursing, awarded after the successful completion of a hospital-based program (typically takes 3 years)

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6
Q

what is nursing

A

the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations

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7
Q

who represents all the nurses across the country

A

American nurses association (ANA)

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8
Q

What percent of nurses are younger than 50 that are employed in nursing

A

91%

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9
Q

What percent of nurses are men

A

12.7%

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10
Q

how many people are licensed nurses

A

4 million

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11
Q

What is the Affordable Care Act

A

it consists of the patient protection and affordable care act and then health care and education affordability reconciliation act; it was passed to improve health insurance coverage

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12
Q

what is the inflation reduction act

A

gives medicare the ability to price drugs how they want by negotiation; for the elderly population

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13
Q

what is the Medicaid eligibility and expansion act

A

each state decides what medicare covers by negotiation

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14
Q

where do most nurses practice

A

63.2% of nurses work in hospitals

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15
Q

6.4% of nurses work in what facility

A

home health

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16
Q

7.8% of nurses work in what facility

A

public and community health

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17
Q

what are the different positions that are available to nurses in the hospital (5)

A

nurse management, direct patient care, APRNs/CNS, research and education, and/or case management

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18
Q

what is a clinical ladder

A

a multistep program that begins with entry-level staff nurse positions

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19
Q

who is in charge of all activities on their unit, including patient care, continuous quality improvement, personnel hiring and evaluation, and resource management, including the unit budget

A

nurse managers

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20
Q

who was Lillian Ward

A

one of the first community health nurses; started the Henry street settlement in New York City in 1895

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21
Q

what type of nurses have broader responsibilities and scope of practice than do civilian nurses

A

military nurses

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22
Q

what is a major benefit of military nursing

A

opportunity for advanced education

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23
Q

what is parish nursing

A

associated with a church congregation, cultural perspective and patient centered

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24
Q

who worked on both the physical and mental sides of nursing, established the first training school for nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London, and did dada collecting on morbidity and mortality to help reform the british medical system

A

Florence Nightingale

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25
Q

who was Mary Seacole

A

Jamaican nurse and business woman who was voted the greatest black Briton and was an expert on cholera

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26
Q

during which time period were there no available professional nurses at the start so there was a call to duty and therefore an emergence of nurses and nurse leaders to help

A

the American civil war

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27
Q

what is referred to as the basic education to become a nurse

A

entry level

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28
Q

once graduated from a school of nursing approved by your state what are graduates qualified to take

A

NCLEX-RN

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29
Q

what is the purpose of taking the nclex-rn

A

once passed, you become a licensed nurse by your state

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30
Q

what type of setting is nurse-based practices, physician-based practices, and free-standing emergency and surgical centers apart of

A

ambulatory care (10.5% of nurses work)

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31
Q

what facilities employed 5.3% of nurses in the workforce

A

extended care

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32
Q

who is at the top most of the clinical ladder who are APN’s with masters, post-masters, or doctoral degrees in specialized areas of nursing, such as oncology or diabetes care

A

clinical nurse specialists

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33
Q

what is care that is based on the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preference

A

evidence-based practice

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34
Q

who was the founder of modern nursing

A

Florence nightingale

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35
Q

who was a longterm advocate for the mentally ill in prewar years

A

Dorothea L. Dix

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36
Q

who worked as an herbalist, creating alternate treatments with plants and herbs

A

Mary Ann Bickerdyke

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37
Q

who was a well-known nursing pioneer who founded the American Red Cross

A

Clara barton

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38
Q

who is considered americas first professionally trained nurse

A

linda richards

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39
Q

who was the first African American professionally educated nurse

A

Mary Eliza Mahoney

40
Q

where did several influential leaders of the century, such as Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Lloyd Dock, and Bedford Fenwick, gather to share ideas and discuss issues pertaining to nursing education

A

1893 Chicago World’s Fair

41
Q

what is the social construction of behaviors, roles, beliefs, and values that are specific to men and women

A

gender

42
Q

in the mid-1800’s what were the most common roles assumed by women

A

caring for their families and others, maintaining the household, and taking care of husband and children

43
Q

in the mid-1800’s who did the women rely on for family support

A

husbands

44
Q

what was a common stereotype of women in the mid-1800’s

A

women are intellectually inferior to men and hence women are not called to make decisions or think for themselves

45
Q

during the 11, 12, and 13th centuries in Europe, who provided much of the nursing care and who did they preform the care under

A

men; military or religious orders

46
Q

what are the top three reasons identified by men for becoming nurses

A

(1) desire to help people
(2) perception that nursing is a growth profession with many career paths
(3) desire to have a stable career

47
Q

what was established in 1974 to address, discuss, and influence factors that affect men in nursing

A

the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN)

48
Q

if one looked up a picture of nurses in todays time, what would appear

A

photos of young men and women wearing scrubs with stethoscopes around their neck

49
Q

a few years ago if someone was to look up pictures of nurses, what appeared

A

photos of cartoon white females wearing nurse’s caps and white dresses along with distressed women with the title “nursing crisis” or “job” on their heads

50
Q

what were caps a symbol of

A

nursing profession

51
Q

what were nurses rated according to a report released by Gallup in 2017

A

nurses are rated the highest among a number of professions and occupations on honesty and ethics

52
Q

who was a major cooperation that began a multi-million dollar campaign to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators, and to retain nurses currently in the system

A

Johnson & Johnson

53
Q

what is the “Truth About Nursing” organization

A

its a nonprofit with the mission to increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care

54
Q

to meet the challenge of an increasingly diverse population entering the health care system, what do nurses need to be educated on

A

to be aware and respectful of cultural differences between themselves and their patients and among their patients

55
Q

what has the language of cultural education varied over time from

A

cultural competence to cultural sensitivity to cultural humility

56
Q

what view understands that he or she cannot be competent in another’s culture, but one can take a posture of willingness to learn and gain experience about other cultures through those who inhabit the culture

A

cultural humility

57
Q

what type of nursing shortage includes salary issues, long hours, increased responsibility for unlicensed workers, and significant responsibility with little authority

A

internal causes

58
Q

what type of nursing shortage is attributed to several factors, including change in demand for nursing services, the increase age of the American population, greater acuity of hospitalized individuals, public perceptions of nursing as a profession, and ever-widening career options for women

A

external causes

59
Q

what are attributed to doctorally prepared and master’s degree prepared faculty now being more than 50 years of age, nurses with advanced degrees who are being hired into more lucrative private sector or clinical positions, and not enough doctoral or master’s level graduates being produced to meet the demands for nursing education

A

faculty shortages

60
Q

what are four major initiatives that made or are making an impact on the nursing workforce

A

(1) the American recovery and reinvestment acts
(2) the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(3) Johnson & Johnson’s Campaign for Nursing’s Future
(4) the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program

61
Q

what was Flexner’s list of criteria that he believed were characteristics of all true professions

A

(1) basically intellectual and accompanied by a high degree of individual responsibility
(2) based on a body of knowledge
(3) both practical and theoretical
(4) can be taught
(5) has a strong internal organization
(6) motivated by altruism and who are responsive to public interests

62
Q

what were Hall’s professional model with five attributes of professions

A

(1) use of professional organization
(2) belief in value of public service
(3) belief in self-regulation
(4) commitment
(5) sense of autonomy

63
Q

what chiefly engages one time: trade, profession, or business

A

occupation

64
Q

what is a calling, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility

A

profession

65
Q

what is a generally followed sequential development that starts with practitioners of these professions performing full-time work in the discipline and ends with establishing codes of ethics known as

A

professionalization

66
Q

who noted that in the current global climate, it is no longer enough for health care workers to be professional…they also need to be interprofessional

A

world health organization (who)

67
Q

what are the four domains of inter professional collaborative practice competency

A

(1) values/ethics
(2) roles/responsibilities
(3) interprofessional communication
(4) teams and teamwork

68
Q

who spent much of their nursing career exploring the dimensions of professional nursing

A

Dr. Kelly

69
Q

what are Dr. Kelly’s characteristics that she believed nurses should have

A

(1) the services provided are vital to humanity and the welfare of society
(2) there is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through research
(3) accountability is a strong feature
(4) practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learning
(5) practitioners have a sense of autonomy
(6) practitioners are motivated by altruism
(7) there is a code of ethics to guide the decisions and conduct
(8) there is an association that encourages and supports high standards of practice

70
Q

what is the first step to reduce the barriers to professionalization

A

identify those barriers

71
Q

what is the most obvious barrier to nursings’ achievement of professional status

A

the variability of educational back grounds for entry into practice

72
Q

gender plays a rile in the perceived value of the profession is dominated by what

A

women

73
Q

what are two liabilities that have historical connections that has positive and negative effects today that are linked to religious and military order influence

A

deference to other professionals and altruism

74
Q

tensions between nursing and medicine have risen, this is what type of conflict

A

external

75
Q

tensions among different degrees/education have reduced the vitality of the profession. the proliferation of nursing organizations and competition among them for members may diminish rather than increase nursing’s influence in the health care arena by diluting concentrations of interested state holders across many organizations ; this is what type of conflict

A

internal

76
Q

what are four key messages that are at the center of the future nursing report

A

(1) practice to the fullest extent
(2) attain higher education levels
(3) nurses should be full partners
(4) improved date collection and information infrastructure can result in a more effective workforce

77
Q

who is credited with founding modern nursing and creating the first educational system for nursing

A

florence nightingale

78
Q

what school did Florence nightingale open

A

st Thomas’s hospital in London

79
Q

what are the three ways to prepare for a career as an RN

A

(1) hospital-based diploma program
(2) BSN program
(3) associates degree in nursing program (ADN)

80
Q

what type of program was the earliest form of nursing education in the U.S

A

hospital-based diploma

81
Q

nurses needed what type of degree to qualify nursing as a recognized profession and to provide leadership in administration, teaching, and public health

A

BSN

82
Q

what year and where was the first BSN program established

A

1909 by the University of Minnesota

83
Q

how many BSN programs were established by 1919

A

7

84
Q

why were the growth in the number of the BSN programs early on slow

A

the reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline and because of the power of the hospital based diploma programs

85
Q

what is the newest form of basic preparation for RN practice that was begun in 1952 to address the post-world war II nursing shortage

A

ADN (associate degree in nursing)

86
Q

what programs are now the most common type of basic nursing education program in the U.S. and graduate the most RN candidates of all the basic programs

A

ADN

87
Q

what refers to voluntary review process if educational programs by a professional organization, which compares the educational qualification of the program with established standards and criteria

A

accreditation

88
Q

what is the purpose of a masters education

A

to prepare people with advanced nursing knowledge and clinical practice skills in a specialized area of practice

89
Q

what is the average traditional program length of a masters program

A

18-24 months

90
Q

what does the master’s curriculum include

A

theory, research, clinical practice, and courses in other disciplines

91
Q

the research focused doctorate for students with prior degrees in nursing is what

A

PhD

92
Q

what is a PhD

A

an academic degree that prepares nurse scholars for research and the development of theory

93
Q

what refers to state regulation of the practice of nursing that is required of individuals at the entry point to practice and must be renewed periodically

A

licensure

94
Q

what validates a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a particular practice area

A

certification

95
Q

how long is certification valid for when granted

A

3-5 years

96
Q

what is the measure of CE credit

A

credit hours

intro to professional nursing (3 decks)

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