exam one Flashcards
media convergence
- the coming together of computing telecommunications and media in a digital environment
- takes place when products typically linked to one medium show up on many media. (example-watching NBC on smartphone)
brief history of the telegraph
changed communication for people, businesses, and news
it was expensive to use though and had technological issues such as: line interference, lack of infrastructure, and needed to know morse code
brief history of the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
easier to use than telegraph
how is the telegraph and later the telephone examples of media convergence
n
what are the three aspects of media convergence
cultural, economical, technological
describe technological convergence
most visible/apparent
digital media form
digitalization makes moving messages from one medium to another much easier
describe economic convergence
merging of internet/telecommunication companies with traditional media companies (consolidation)
describe cultural convergence
when media crosses cultures
active audience- user becomes producer
consequences of media convergence
info that used to be shared by human interaction can now be shared indirectly and more easily
implications of media convergence
m
what is media literacy
ability to analyze, evaluate, and process mediated messages as well as the creative/production skills necessary to self expression and participation in democratic life
why is media literacy important
n
what is framing
picking elements to create a narrative with interpretation
guides audience to think a certain way
what are the functions of mass communication/ mass media
surveillance, correlation, cultural transmission, entertainment
describe surveillance
info about what is going on in society
describe correlation
media interpretation of events and issues that help individuals understand their roles within the larger society.
- ex: ads shape public opinion
- media can help maintain social stability
describe cultural transmission
transference of dominant culture/subcultures from one generation to the next
describe entertainment
to entertain
can perpetuate stereotypes
what are the impacts of the concentration of media ownership
less diversity of different opinions, and possible silencing of non mainstream voices
how do media giants hurt democracy
corporate media have affected quality of communications content
- lobby govt to further their own corporate interests at expense of public interest
- ex: Washington Post is owned by amazon
functions of books
entertainment
cultural transmission
correlation
give a brief history of books
monastic scribes made the first version of books
-expensive, low literacy, slow to produce
how did books lead to nationalism
creation of communities through language and text
two step flow model
opinion leaders interpret media and pass on their influence/ideas to the masses
history of newspapers
- commercial press reported on ship’s arrivals, departures, cargo, weather
- partisan press is after independence and before 1830s. most US papers affiliated with political parties
Samuel morse
1st commercial demonstration of working telegraph systems
media grammar
underlying rules, structures, and patterns by which a medium presents itself
Murdock and golding
only media companies that are commercially successful will survive
Gramsci
we’re mot ruled by force but by ideas
Althusser
est Ideological State Apparatuses
-creates institutions that maintain social order and make sure rules that govern society are enforced
journalism has two main forces what are they
- rules of journalism
- rules of economics
aka be commercially successful and publish pieces first, air programs ppl want to see, etc
media bias
news organizations slant news coverage unfairly contrary to professional journalisms stated goals of balanced coverage and objectivity
printing press
combining printing press with existing book binding technology enabled mass production
how were books revolutionary
languages become standardized
required more people to be literate
established languages of power
postal act of 192
the post office made a system of post roads and delivery routes
-govt delivery of newspapers to subscribers at cheap rates
Golden Age
power printing press with steam made production faster
Benjamin Day
instead of yearly subscriptions he had newsboys selling on street
-Penny Press - selling papers for a penny and sold space in the paper for ads
