exam one Flashcards
what is social psychology
our involvement in mankind
2 fundamental ways of understanding
romantic and classical
Romantic understanding
seeing primarily at the level of immediate appearance
classical understanding
seeing primarily at the level of underlying form
implicit theory
haphazard collection of ideas about what situations and what personal characteristics are associated with certain types of behavior
dyad
two people
intra terms
you look at the world and believe that the individual as the cause
inter terms
looking at the world by the way of what happens between two things
formal theory
a set of inter-related hypothesis concerning a phenomenon
formal theory must have ____
parsimony
parsimony
fewest and simplest assumptions
kurt lewin
behavior is a function of a person IN an environment
classical definition of social psychology
an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual the imagined or the implied presence of others
why did the social in social psychology fade?
cultural programming
what is cultural programming
the idea that the individual is the center and power of all things that happen in his or her life
albert pepitone
2 biases in social psychology
2 biases that influence social psychology
bias towards individualism
bias towards generality
bias toward individualism
social psychologist have assumed that the individual is the most important unit of analysis for understandingwhat is social
bias toward generality
we have assumed that the most general explanation for social behavior will be found at the individual level
smallest unit of a social
dyad
Feynman
three characteristics of sicnece
three characteristics of science
a special method of finding things out
a body of knowledge arising from the things found out
technology, the new things you can do when you have found something out
first goal of research
to do research that taxes account of underlying form
second goal of research
to do research that controls four other influences that would introduce error
limitations of the experimental method
time-patterns limit the use of experiments
ethics can limit
naturalism
other research methods
surveys
interview studies
special knowledge
well established theory
interdependence theory
makes the assumption that in order to analyze a social situation; the smallest unit is a dyad
why are interpersonal relationships so hard to manage?
because two different people with two different social histories with two reasonable sets of opinions and two reasonable sets of preferences
three axioms of interpersonal life
- fundamental defining feature of an interpersonal relationship is the requirement of interdependent or linked dependence
- the fundamental difficulty of of interpersonal relationships is the requirement of interdependence or linked dependence
- the requirement of interdependence becomes more difficult because so much is at stake
what is relationship closeness determined by
the interconnected influence the two people have each other
independence theory
A high degree of interdependence or closeness between two people is revealed in four properties of their interconnected (behavioral) activities
what four properties determine interconnectivity
frequency
strength
diversity
duration
types of interpersonal dependence
exchange and communal
best predictor of the start of a relationship is
proximity
sources of response interference
endogenous
exogenous
indigenous
endogenous
unique to interaction of dyad
exogenous
coordinated to the external of the relationship
indigenous
occuring naturally
order of nacost model
exchange
evolve through interaction transition
(interference and management)
surface contact hypothesis
reducing prejudice by face to face contact
CL
what you believe you deserve to be treated in a relationship
CLalt
level of reward you think you can get from someone else
3 types of social influence
conformity
compliance
obedience to authority
reactance theory
