Exam: Matter, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Question 1

What is a gas?

Answer 1

A substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature;
Ex: water vapor

Question 2

What is a vapor?

Answer 2

A gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature

Question 3

What is a physical property of matter?

Answer 3

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition

Question 4

Name some examples of physical properties of matter.

Answer 4

Density, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, viscosity, solubility, hardness, state of matter, texture, ductility, thermal conductivity, magnetism, electrical conductivity, malleability, luster

Question 5

What is an extensive physical property?

Answer 5

Dependent on the amount of substance present

Question 6

What is an intensive physical property?

Answer 6

Independent of the amount of substance present

Question 7

Name some examples of intensive physical properties.

Answer 7

Boiling point, color, temperature, luster, and hardness

Question 8

Name some examples of extensive physical properties.

Answer 8

Volume, mass, size, weight, and length

Question 9

What is a chemical property of matter?

Answer 9

Ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

Question 10

Name some examples of chemical properties of matter.

Answer 10

Oxidation states/oxidation, chemical bonding, coordination number, heat of combustion, toxicity, flammability, corrosivity/corrosion, reactivity, radioactivity, pH

Question 11

What is a physical change?

Answer 11

Alters a substance without changing its composition

Question 12

What are some examples of physical change?

Answer 12

Breaking glass, mixing candies, shredding paper, folding paper, melting ice, chopping wood, cutting hair, dry ice sublimation, boiling water, breaking egg

Question 13

What are phase changes?

Answer 13

Changes from one state of matter to another

Question 14

Solid to liquid

Answer 14

Melting

Question 15

Liquid to solid

Answer 15

Freezing

Question 16

Liquid to gas

Answer 16

Vaporization

Question 17

Liquid to gas

Answer 17

Vaporization

Question 18

Gas to liquid

Answer 18

Condensation

Question 19

Solid to gas

Answer 19

Sublimation

Question 20

Gas to solid

Answer 20

Deposition

Question 21

Gas to plasma

Answer 21

Ionization

Question 22

Plasma to gas

Answer 22

Deionization

Question 23

What is a chemical change?

Answer 23

A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances

Question 24

What are the reactants?

Answer 24

Starting substances

Question 25

What are the products?

Answer 25

New substances

Question 26

Name some examples of chemical changes.

Answer 26

Combustion, rotting, rusting, digestion

Question 27

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 27

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved; Mass of reactants = mass of products

Question 28

Describe the properties of a solid.

Answer 28

-Rigid -Fixed shape -Fixed volume

Question 29

Describe the properties of a liquid.

Answer 29

-Not rigid -No fixed shape -Fixed volume

Question 30

Describe the properties of a gas.

Answer 30

-Not rigid -No fixed shape -No fixed volume

Question 31

What is an element?

Answer 31

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical and physical means

Question 32

How are elements different from each other?

Answer 32

They have unique chemical names and chemical symbols

Question 33

What is a compound?

Answer 33

Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically into fixed ratios; Can be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means (usually via external energy like heat or electricity)

Question 34

What is the law of definite proportions?

Answer 34

The elements comprising compounds always combine in definite proportions by mass, no matter how large or small the sample size

Question 35

What is the law of definite proportions? (Formula version)

Answer 35

Mass of compound = mass of the elements making up compound; Percent error = (mass of element/mass of compound) x 100

Question 36

What is the law of multiple proportions?

Answer 36

Different compounds can be composed of the same elements

Question 37

What is a mixture?

Answer 37

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

Question 38

What is a heterogenous mixture?

Answer 38

Can be seen in layers

Question 39

What is a homogenous mixture?

Answer 39

Cannot be seen in layers