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General Chemistry > Exam: Matter, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures > Flashcards

Exam: Matter, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gas?

A

A substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature;
Ex: water vapor

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2
Q

What is a vapor?

A

A gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature

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3
Q

What is a physical property of matter?

A

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition

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4
Q

Name some examples of physical properties of matter.

A

Density, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, viscosity, solubility, hardness, state of matter, texture, ductility, thermal conductivity, magnetism, electrical conductivity, malleability, luster

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5
Q

What is an extensive physical property?

A

Dependent on the amount of substance present

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6
Q

What is an intensive physical property?

A

Independent of the amount of substance present

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7
Q

Name some examples of intensive physical properties.

A

Boiling point, color, temperature, luster, and hardness

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8
Q

Name some examples of extensive physical properties.

A

Volume, mass, size, weight, and length

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9
Q

What is a chemical property of matter?

A

Ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

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10
Q

Name some examples of chemical properties of matter.

A

Oxidation states/oxidation, chemical bonding, coordination number, heat of combustion, toxicity, flammability, corrosivity/corrosion, reactivity, radioactivity, pH

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11
Q

What is a physical change?

A

Alters a substance without changing its composition

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12
Q

What are some examples of physical change?

A

Breaking glass, mixing candies, shredding paper, folding paper, melting ice, chopping wood, cutting hair, dry ice sublimation, boiling water, breaking egg

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13
Q

What are phase changes?

A

Changes from one state of matter to another

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14
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

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15
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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16
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Vaporization

17
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Vaporization

18
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

19
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

20
Q

Gas to solid

A

Deposition

21
Q

Gas to plasma

A

Ionization

22
Q

Plasma to gas

A

Deionization

23
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances

24
Q

What are the reactants?

A

Starting substances

25
Q

What are the products?

A

New substances

26
Q

Name some examples of chemical changes.

A

Combustion, rotting, rusting, digestion

27
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved;
Mass of reactants = mass of products

28
Q

Describe the properties of a solid.

A

-Rigid
-Fixed shape
-Fixed volume

29
Q

Describe the properties of a liquid.

A

-Not rigid
-No fixed shape
-Fixed volume

30
Q

Describe the properties of a gas.

A

-Not rigid
-No fixed shape
-No fixed volume

31
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical and physical means

32
Q

How are elements different from each other?

A

They have unique chemical names and chemical symbols

33
Q

What is a compound?

A

Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically into fixed ratios;
Can be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means (usually via external energy like heat or electricity)

34
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

The elements comprising compounds always combine in definite proportions by mass, no matter how large or small the sample size

35
Q

What is the law of definite proportions? (Formula version)

A

Mass of compound = mass of the elements making up compound;
Percent error = (mass of element/mass of compound) x 100

36
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

A

Different compounds can be composed of the same elements

37
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties

38
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture?

A

Can be seen in layers

39
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A

Cannot be seen in layers

General Chemistry (7 decks)

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