Exam: Matter, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Flashcards
What is a gas?
A substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature;
Ex: water vapor
What is a vapor?
A gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature
What is a physical property of matter?
A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition
Name some examples of physical properties of matter.
Density, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, viscosity, solubility, hardness, state of matter, texture, ductility, thermal conductivity, magnetism, electrical conductivity, malleability, luster
What is an extensive physical property?
Dependent on the amount of substance present
What is an intensive physical property?
Independent of the amount of substance present
Name some examples of intensive physical properties.
Boiling point, color, temperature, luster, and hardness
Name some examples of extensive physical properties.
Volume, mass, size, weight, and length
What is a chemical property of matter?
Ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
Name some examples of chemical properties of matter.
Oxidation states/oxidation, chemical bonding, coordination number, heat of combustion, toxicity, flammability, corrosivity/corrosion, reactivity, radioactivity, pH
What is a physical change?
Alters a substance without changing its composition
What are some examples of physical change?
Breaking glass, mixing candies, shredding paper, folding paper, melting ice, chopping wood, cutting hair, dry ice sublimation, boiling water, breaking egg
What are phase changes?
Changes from one state of matter to another
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Gas to plasma
Ionization
Plasma to gas
Deionization
What is a chemical change?
A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances
What are the reactants?
Starting substances
What are the products?
New substances
Name some examples of chemical changes.
Combustion, rotting, rusting, digestion
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved;
Mass of reactants = mass of products
Describe the properties of a solid.
-Rigid
-Fixed shape
-Fixed volume
Describe the properties of a liquid.
-Not rigid
-No fixed shape
-Fixed volume
Describe the properties of a gas.
-Not rigid
-No fixed shape
-No fixed volume
What is an element?
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical and physical means
How are elements different from each other?
They have unique chemical names and chemical symbols
What is a compound?
Made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically into fixed ratios;
Can be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means (usually via external energy like heat or electricity)
What is the law of definite proportions?
The elements comprising compounds always combine in definite proportions by mass, no matter how large or small the sample size
What is the law of definite proportions? (Formula version)
Mass of compound = mass of the elements making up compound;
Percent error = (mass of element/mass of compound) x 100
What is the law of multiple proportions?
Different compounds can be composed of the same elements
What is a mixture?
A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
What is a heterogenous mixture?
Can be seen in layers
What is a homogenous mixture?
Cannot be seen in layers
