Atom Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of Democritus (400 BC) when it comes to the history of the atom?

A

First person to use the term “atom”;
Made the theory of the universe

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2
Q

What is the significance of Aristotle when it comes to the history of the atom?

A

Believed that empty space did not exist;
Believed that matter was made up of earth, fire, and water

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3
Q

What is the significance of Dalton (1800’s) when it comes to the history of the atom?

A

He marked the beginning of the atomic theory

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4
Q

What is the atom?

A

The fundamental or basic unit

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5
Q

What is the significance of J.J. Thomson (1890’s) in the history of the atom?

A

Credited for discovering the electron by using the cathode ray tube

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6
Q

What is the significance of Rutherford (1910’s) in the history of the atom?

A

Discovered the nucleus and the fact that electrons orbit around the nucleus by his Gold Foil experiment

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7
Q

What is the significance of Bohr (1910’s) in the history of the atom?

A

Perfected Rutherford’s model;
Answered why the electrons did not collapse into the nucleus

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8
Q

Who (inadvertently) discovered the cathode ray tube?

A

William Crookes

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9
Q

From what side to what side does the cathode ray travel?

A

Travels from the cathode to the anode

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10
Q

Will the (cathode ray) beam always travel straight?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What did Thomson predict the mass of the negative charge to be?

A

Charge was 1000 times lighter than that of a hydrogen atom

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12
Q

What happened in the Gold Foil Experiment?

A

Rutherford shot a beam of positively charged alpha particles;
Most of the particles did no deflect at all (every now and then, a particle would deflect all the way back)

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13
Q

What did Rutherford conclude from his experiment?

A

That there must be a positive center of the foil;
He called this center the nucleus

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14
Q

Who created the planetary model of the atom?

A

Rutherford

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15
Q

What is radiation?

A

When an electron moves from one level to another

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16
Q

Describe Bohr’s atomic model.

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus in a way that has a set size and energy;
The lower the energy of the electron, the lower the orbit;
If that energy level is filled, a new energy level will begin

17
Q

How many electrons can each orbital contain?

A

2 (two)

18
Q

How do atoms of different elements differ in the periodic table?

A

Atomic number (the number of protos in an atom);
Chemical symbol

19
Q

How much do protons and neutrons weigh approximately?

A

1.67 x 10^24 g

20
Q

How much does an electron weigh?

A

1/1840 of a neutron

21
Q

How much does an atomic mass unit weigh?

A

1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

22
Q

How can one calculate atomic mass?

A

By multiplying: (mass of isotope)(percent abundance)