Exam IV - Final Comp Material Flashcards
The message of the Bible may be timeless, but the ______ of that message is not
form
Three important elements contribute to rebuilding the New Testament context:
Land
History
Culture
The Post Exilic Period - 539-332 BC _____initiated and he was from the ______ Empire_____Restored the Law?______Who Restored the Wall?
Cyrus - Persian
Ezra
Nehemiah
The Helenistic Period _____ c BC following ________success over Darius and the Persians
4th
Alexander the Great’s
Eventually under the Greeks there were decrees against _____, ______ and possessing _______
temple festivals
circumcision
the Scriptures
Under the Greeks, the “abomination of desolation” led to the Jewish rebellion in the ________ as celebrated in Hanukkah.
Maccabean War (167 – 141 BC)
Rome took over Judea in ________
63 BC
Roman provinces were governed by __________ an example being ___________
prefects
Pontious Pilate
Eventually, there were 2 ________ against Rome, the first put down by_________and the second by________
wars
(AD 66 – 70) - Vespasian and his son Titus(AD 132 – 135) - Under Emperor Hadrian
ISRAEL included the ____________ where worship and sacrifices gave the land its high degree of _________
Temple
Holiness
Roman Rule made travel ______ and _______ which helped Paul __________
easy
safe
travel and spread the Gospel message
Israel has five main regions from the Mediterranean to the eastern deserts. they are:____, _____, _____, _____, ______ and to the north is _________ with its large fresh water lake
Coastal Plain Coastal Hills Central Mountains Jordan Valley Eastern Plateau Galilee
The land bridge is between the _______ and the _______ in the east
Mediterranean
vast deserts
Josephus was a _______ who accompanied _______ and wrote ___________
general
Titus
“Antiquities of the Jews”
Josephus outlines three sects among the Jews:
Pharisees
Sadducees
Essenes
The Pharisees – ( included Paul) were committed to _______ and ________
purity laws
religious restoration
The Sadducees were the _______ and _____ who know how to profit from the Roman occupation
educated elites
landowners
The Essenes were Jews who chose to live ________
in isolation
The Scribes were professionals who could __________ and interpret ________
read and write
the law
The Samaritans were a people left behind after the exile who were _______ or _______ by the invading cultures
“compromised”
“Gentilized”
In about 20 BC _______ launched a monumental rebuilding program of the _______
Herod the Great
temple
JEWISH LITERATURE included :_______________ and_______
Scriptures - the law (Torah), the prophets (Nebiim), and the writings (Kithubim) and the “Apocrypha.”
Extracanonical Books - (e.g., The Book of the Wars of Yahweh)Rabbinic Literature (“texts”)
Exam II
Exam II
Luke is in “2 volumes”: ___ and ___
Luke & Acts
Luke is witten to “Theopholis” which could be ______ OR ________
the person sponsoring or funding Luke referring to all ‘Lovers of God”
Luke is the only gospel to parallel ____ & _____
Jesus & John the Baptist
There are 2 gospels with genealogies for Jesus.
o ______ genealogy back to Abraham (written for _____)
o ______ genealogy back to Adam (written for ______ ) demonstrating _______
Matthew’s …. the Jews
Luke’s …..Jews and gentiles as well
INCLUSIVENESS
A FOCUS of The book of Luke is ______ ______ and the book anticipates It, often asking “What will ____ _____ do today?”
the HOLY SPIRIT
the HOLY SPIRIT
Luke also focuses on ______ groups
marginalized
The Angel Gabriel told Mary that Jesus would be born to establish _____ - which is a BIG point and that it will last ________ – which is even bigger
a KINGDOM
FOREVER
Two Key EXPECTATIONS in Luke are:
- Jesus TAKING THE ____ and
- Jesus Providing SALVATION FOR ________
THRONE
THE GENTILES
Jesus returns to Galilee in the power of _______after overcoming temptation in the wilderness
the HOLY SPIRT
When Jesus read from Isaiah on Nazareth, “Isn’t this ______?” they asked. And He was asked to ________ and do what he did in ______
Joseph’s son
PROVE that He was the Messiah
Capernum
Jesus’ point about a prophet not being respected “outside their hometown” was that salvation is NOT limited to ______ - that is, salvation is NOT _____ between the Jews and God
one group (the Jews) vertical
In the book of Luke, Gabriel said to Mary about Jesus:”The Lord God will give him the _____ of his father David, and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his _____ will never end.”
THRONE KINGDOM
Luke ends with, and Acts begins with, an account of _______ which is considered to be associated with _______
Jesus Ascension
Jesus’ enthronement
The Gospel of Luke needs the book of Acts to address:
- ________
- ________
- _________
- Enthronement = ascension
- Salvation for Gentiles
- Redemption of Jerusalem:
There are 3 Ascension theories:
- Jesus was literally ______
- All observers had same ______ of this and
- The observers ________ so they agreed to explain it this way
taken up into clouds
“hallucination”
could not explain Jesus being there then gone
In Acts, we see a reiteration of the NT claim that God no longer lives in ______. First we see this shifted to _______ and then finally God lives in _____ – that is in _______
the Temple
Christ’s body
the Church…..God’s people
o Paul in Acts is speaking to those who __________
o Paul in his Letters (epistles) is speaking to those who ________
do NOT know the Jesus story
DO have knowledge and understanding of Jesus
At beginning of Acts (beginning Chapter 2), there were ____ “Christians.” (___tribes/apostles X ___completeness). At Pentecost (which was a ______ that brought Jews to Jerusalem), this number increases dramatically to about____ .
120
12 X 10
Jewish festival
3000
Regarding the apostles speaking in tongues at Pentecost, Beers believes that ALL apostles were speaking in ______ but that each different listener______ as if in their own language. The Jews there tried to explain it by suggesting that the speakers were _____ but Peter said “______!”
the same language
“heard it”
drunk
no, it is only 9 in the morning
When Peter refers to Joel in Acts 2, he uses a __________ lens.
Last Days
In Acts 2:20 (“The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood”), there are 2 interpretations:
- ______ Interpretation (acknowledges that is WAS the Spirit of God in the first part but we are _________for the last part) and
- ______ Interpretation (also acknowledges that is WAS the Spirit of God in the first part but the second part was _________ and we are only awaiting the last days now)
Literal……still waiting Metaphorical…..Metaphorical
In Acts 2, the people (Christians) went on to devote themselves to the apostle’s teaching, prayer and ______ which means ______
breaking of bread….eating together
In Acts 10, Peter became hungry and fell into a trance. He saw heaven opened and saw a ________ that contained ________. Then a voice told Peter, “Get up, Kill and eat.” “Peter replied. “NO! I have never _________.” The voice spoke to Peter a second time saying “Do not call anything impure that ________.”
a large sheet ….. all kinds of four-footed animals. reptiles and birdseaten anything impure or unclean …… God has made clean
Peter says that the animal/food example was seen as an indication that _______.
God as the Holy Spirit can enter all men
TEXT CRITICISM is an attempt to reconstruct _________
the original text or words
TEXT CRITICISM is performed because we have no _____________ although we DO have – ___________ which are mostly in fragments. These were created by _______ before the development of the _________
original AUTOGRAPHS (manuscripts) Variant copies Scribes Printing press
External Criteria considerations for text criticism include:
- ______________
- ______________
- _______________these items are__________ of the text
- Age of Manuscript
- Agreement of manuscripts from a wider geographical areas
- Readings that cross text-types OUTSIDE
External Criteria for text criticism - Possible causes:
- ____________
- ______________
- Scribes inadvertently change text (to what they are familiar with) or
- Scribes intentionally make adjustments because they may believe there was an error
Internal Criteria considerations for text criticism include:
- _______
- ________
- ___________The “BIGGETS ONE” is____________________these items are__________ of the text
- Transcriptional probabilities:
- Authorial probabilities:
- Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants: Fundamental GuidelineInside
Internal Criteria, “Transcriptional probabilities,” for text criticism say that:
- _______ readings more likely original and
- ___________ reading more likely to be original
- Shorter
2. More difficult
Internal Criteria, “Authorial probabilities,” for text criticism says that: Readings that fit with the author’s ____, ______ and ______ are more likely to be original.
style, vocabulary and theology
The Internal Criteria, “Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants,” for text criticism considers: Which variant best __________ the other variants?
explains the existence of
The problem with TRANSLATION is that Every translation is itself ____________
an interpretation
Various Translation theories:
- Formal Translation - Keep _____ the same from language to language Examples would be:__________________
- Functional Translation – translation based on _______
form (thus Greek noun –> English noun; a Greek prepositional phrase –> English prep phrase etc.)what the function of the word is in the statement
One problem with formal translation form Greek to English is that __________________
Word Order has far less significance in Greek than in English which makes word-for-word Formal Translation Difficult
Where do these bibles "fit” in the translation realm?: KJV - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NIV - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NLT - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The Message – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
KJV - Formal Equivalent
NIV - Primarily functional equivalent with some attention to formal consideration
NLT - Functional Equivalent
The Message – Paraphrase
How to read the epistles well:
o Note the ________
o Note the ________
o Note the ________ (although the______ may be even more significant)o Note the ______
Author
Audience
Date… order
Purpose
Corinthian Letter: o Written by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ o Written to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ o Also written to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ o Later in letter references to communal relationshipso Comments in letter are telling people not to compare \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ words with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Paul and Sothsenes (co-written) church in Corinth
broader group
Paul’s ….. “Speakers of Wisdom”
Galatians
o Written by_____
o Probably _______ letter
o What is the big issue in the Galatian church? _________________
Paul
oldest or one of the oldest
circumcision
In the ___________letter, Paul is upset with Peter’s response to ___________ who chastised Peter for _________ with the people of Galatia
Galatian
James
communing or eating
In the letter to the Galatians, ______________ (who is head of Jerusalem church) challenges __________ for doing __________ with the ____________ gentiles in the church
James (Jesus brother) – Cephas (Peter) eating….. “uncircumcised”
In the letter to the Galatians, the author ______________ speaks boldly against __________ and challenges him, asking him how he, a Jew who lives like a __________ can expect the __________ to live like ____________________
PaulPeter/Cephas
gentile
gentiles ……… Jews
_________ claims in his NEW PERSPECTIVE that 1st c Jews WERE faith-based, they had been in God’s grace since early history and their legal actions were about __________ in, not “___________in”
Sanders
STAYING……getting
What was an original purpose of the law for the Jews? Beers refers to the “new perspective” in which works of the law________________
IDENTIFIED Jews vs. Gentiles
__________ states that the ________ will rise FIRST then we will join them when _____________.
o Paul discusses this because some believers were grieving
o It is a very important passage for _____ discussions
1st Thessalonians 4:13-18
dead in Christ
Christ comes again
rapture
Thessalonica (city) is in ___________ which is the _______________province in Greece
Macedonia
northern-most
Many say that the ______________ is poor terminology for Christ’s return and that REAPPEARANCE or PRESENCE may be better
“second coming”
In the Ancient world, the term PAROUSIA was used for _____________
leaders returning form war campaigns
In the Ancient world, when somebody would “PAROUSIA” they would be met and greeted by people coming out to see them. This was paralleled in 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 by _______
those “still alive being caught up together with the dead in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air”
The IMPORTANT language in 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 is that we will be ______________ to meet Jesus
caught up TOGHETHR with those who are asleep in Christ
When Jesus PAROUSIAs he will ______________, uniting heaven and earth
bring heaven with him
____________ is associated with the “rapture” concept as we perceive it today
John Nelson (early 1800’s)
In Romans 9:1-5__________ is sad:
“I have great sorrow … and wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people….Theirs is the adoption to sonship”
This is viewed in two ways regarding ___________, an INDIVIDUAL view and a GROUP view
Paul
predestination
Romans 9:1-5 VIEW 1:
Our minds too small to understand God’s thoughts regarding his _________ of __________ people. God’s choices are those that glorify Him
predestination
INDIVIDUAL
Romans 9:1-5 VIEW 2: Emphasizes God & God’s People as a __________ regarding his selection. God has been ________ to his people
GROUP
faithful
In both of the two views used to look at Romans 9, GOD CHOOSES, but in View 1 He chooses ______, and in View 2 he chooses _______.
individuals
a group
In the View 2 interpretation of Romans 9, IF you are part of a group that God chooses and you _________, you will be part of ________.
choose God
God’s people
In Romans 9, Paul is sad because even with the advantages that Paul’s people (the Jews) were afforded, ____________________.
not all Jews have chosen Jesus.
In the View (1) evaluation of Romans 9, the focus is on________________, that is, God chooses ___________________.
Individual Predestination
individual people
In the View (2) evaluation of Romans 9, the focus is on God choosing ________________ then the people ________ decide whether to ___________.
a group
the group
choose God
In Romans 9, we see 2 “Israels” and they are:
- ______ through God’s choosing and
- __________despite the fact that all claim to be Abraham’s children
Jews
the gentiles through Jesus
Some of the “First Israel” have chosen _______________ and some have not
God
In the case of Abraham and Sarah trying to “force” a son for Abraham with Hagar (Ishmael), View 1 says God always __________ and View 2 says God ______________
- makes his choices and picks who he wants as he always has
2. God faithfully worked to keep the “people of God” concept going despite human manipulation
When God chose to “harden” Pharaoh’s heart, View 1 sees it as ______________ while view 2 says that _______________
- God choosing to harden an individual
2. Pharaoh already did not respond well to God so God just hardened him further
In the Romans 9 potter/pottery image, View 1 says that God choses some individuals for _______and some for__________ while and View 2 says this is an example of how God responds to ______________
noble purposes ….. ordinary uses
Israel’s unfaithfulness
In the Romans 9 discussion of vessels of wrath and vessels of mercy, View 1 says that God choses some _______ as these different types of vessels and View 2 says that they are _________ vessels or _____.
individuals
communal ……groups
*** BIG POINT IN ROMANS 9: THE ONES WHO GET GLORY ARE NOT __________ BUT _______
ONLY JEWS
GENTILES AS WELL!
In Romans 9 interpretations, which view routinely looks to the OT?
View 2
One example of the text criticism “Fundamental Guidelines” concept is John 8:3-11 about the woman caught in adultery and Jesus response to stoning of her by bystanders. This story is present in the _____ but not found in _____ and may be omitted in ________.
KJV
pre-7th c manuscripts
the NIV
The story of the woman caught in adultery in the NIV is a challenge because it is not present in manuscripts from before _______so it is not known where the passage belongs. The ______________ concept of text criticism explains this.
the 7th c
“Fundamental Guidelines”
Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants determines: ____________
which variant best explains the existence of the other variants
“Koinonia,” associated with the early Christians, is a Greek word which means:______
communion; joint participation; the share which one has in anything
In Act 2:9-11 what did the people of Parthians, the Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs hear?
They heard the apostles “declaring the wonders of God in their own tongues!”
In Act 2:9-11 why were the Jews from Parthians, the Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; Rome; Cretans and Arabs in Jerusalem?
For the festival of Pentecost - ALL were JEWS
Exam III
Exam III
Philippians Chapter 2 contains a “_________” according to many scholars of which some bibles show as different formatting style it indicate it. There are questions about whether ___________.
Christ Hymn
Questions about whether Paul wrote this or it already existed and Paul included it to make a point
In Philippians Chapter 2 Paul says “Do nothing out of selfish ambition of vain conceit” – What two things does Paul want the Philippians to do here?
- ______________
- ______________
- Help one-another,
2. Do things as Jesus did (which is Paul’s common motivation to the audience)
Paul says “Do nothing out of selfish ambition of vain conceit”in what book and chapter of the Bible?
In Philippians Chapter 2
When Paul says that “Jesus did not consider equality with God something to be used something to be used to his own advantage” he is contrasting Jesus with ____________ who saw themselves as ___________ and WOULD ______________. This is found in what book and chapter of the Bible?
typical leaders (such as Caesars, Alex the Great etc.)
equal with divinity
use their high position to their advantage In Philippians Chapter 2
In Philippians Chapter 2 Paul used the word ADVANTAGE saying “Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his ADVANTAGE.” What other words are equivalent to this?
“GRASP” as in considered – to “grasp” poweror to EXPLOIT power as would have been used in this time
Although in Philippians Chapter 2 Paul shows us Jesus’ humanness, Jesus never ___________. defines what it really means to BE divine. Further, Paul shows that by stepping to the absolute bottom as Jesus did, Jesus shows______________.
never stopped being divine
something that could ONLY be done by one who is divine
In Philippians Chapter 2 Paul shows us that although Jesus went all the “bottom,” God exalted him ___________ and gave Jesus ______________.
ALL the way to the TOP
“a name above all names”
Note: remember the importance of name giving – Abraham, Jacob, Sarah given new names when brought to a higher level
In Philemon, Paul wants Philemon (the master) to accept the slave as ______ that is, as _____, something which in the 1st c ____________.This is a ___________ idea
his BROTHER
as an equal
would never happen
Subversive idea
Paul wrote Ephesians when he was in _________. Many believe that although written to the church of Ephesus, it was _____________.
prison
ALSO intended as a general letter to MANY churches
Texts typically used to limit women include passages in: • \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ • \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ • \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and • \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- Genesis 1, 2 & 3
- Ephesians 5
- 1 Corinthians 11 & 14 and
- 1 Timothy 2
KNOW WELL– IMPORTANT – TEST MATERIAL!:There are 2 main evangelical views regarding texts about the roles of women
- ______________
- ______________
- Complementarian view
2. Egalitarian view
The Complementarian view:
o Stresses that men are _____________ and women ___________. Thus the women ___________ the leader by following.
o In this view, MOST would say that men and women have equal _____________ but different _____________.
the leaders in marriage and the church women are the followers compliments the leader Most would say: VALUE, ROLES
The Egalitarian view:
o Stresses that men are _____________ and women ________________. Equal value, equal roles
o In this view, MOST would say that men and women should have equal _________________.
- men are equal partners with women and
- women are equal partners with men in marriage and are both able to be leaders in the church.
- EQUAL ACCESS to leadership roles in the church
IMPORTANT: In looking at Biblical definition of gender roles, there are 2 main views. The Methodological Difference between View 1 and View 2 is that:
o View 1 – typically ________________
o View 2 – typically ________________
o View 1 – typically stays within the immediate text for interpretation
o View 2 – typically looks at OTHER usages in the NT and OT to interpret the particular statement or language in that statement
A comparison table is being created for the gender view comparisons in various texts
A comparison table is being created for the gender view comparisons in various texts
In Luke 10, Mary (Martha’s sister) is sitting at Jesus feet probably in the front courtyard where you would find ____________. One sitting at a rabbi’s feet in the 1st c would be like ______________. Martha is likely concerned not because Mary is not helping her but because _______________. She probably feels that Mary should be _______________.This likely demonstrates ____________ according to a View 2 thought process.
- The men
- students learning from a rabbi
- It is not the place for women then
- it Breaks the “GENDERED SPACE” rules
- Mary should be with the women in back in cooking space
- demonstrates that women may also be learners and prepare to be teachers and leaders
In Romans 16 “Junia” is referred to by Paul in a list as being “outstanding among the apostles.”
o View 1 says that the name “Junia”________ as used in many bible translations.
o View 2 says that ______________ so that “Junia” was a __________ being called an _____________.
V1 - Must be a male name “Junius”
V2 - There are NO historical records of a male name “Junius”
– a woman
apostle
View 2 argues that because Paul spoke of Lydia (the cloth merchant) who was a _____, ______ and ____________ that this supports ___________.
business woman, household head AND church leader
Supports the role of female leadership in the church.
Views 1 & 2 typically AGREE that the sense of the term “adam” (Used in Genesis 1 v 26 for mankind, human beings, man etc. ) means __________ but the typical translation of _______ has created the divisional opinions
BOTH male and female
“man”
Regarding the “IMAGE” language of man being made in God’s image in Genesis 1:27, both ___________ show God’s image. Likewise, the direction to rule over the earth is given to ____________.
Man and woman TOGETHER
Man and woman TOGETHER
Associated with the 1 Corinthians 6 Vice list, regarding the homosexuality discussion, are the following 3 issues to consider:
- ____________
- ____________
- ____________
- Translation issues
- Historical Issues
- Story Framework Issues
Considering the following bible passage: “Or do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor men who have sex with men, nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.” ………….
- Where is this from and who wrote it? and
- What is this TYPE of passage called
1 Corinthians 6 - written by Paul
A “vice list”
What do these two Greek Words associated with various biblical translations mean and imply:
Malakoi ______________________
Arsenokoitai __________________
Malakoi =
1. Soft, as in soft clothing
2. a passive homosexual sexual partner;
3. Men who dress like women to attract other men
Arsenokoitai
1. homosexual
2. the active homosexual sexual partner
What is peculiar about the Greek word Arsenokoitaithis (which Paul uses to refer to homosexuals in _____________ (bible passage)) with respect to its usage in Greek in other places outside of this text?
1 Corinthians 6
Paul made this word up in Greek - it is NOT present elsewhere historically in Greek. It is equivalent to a Hebrew word in Leviticus meaning homosexual (a word that Paul would have known). It is a combination of words for word “male” and “bed.”
Some people argue that when Paul uses the word “malakoi” in his 1 Corinthians 6 vice list he is referring to _____________ not _____________. This is considered a ___________ issue.
Soft clothing
homosexuals
Translation
The word Pederasty was a word commonly used in Greek that referred to a common practice. What was this practice?_____________ .
an OLDER man interacting with a boy sexually
Considering the following bible passage: “It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that even pagans do not tolerate: A man is sleeping with his father’s wife.”
- Where is this from and who wrote it? and
- What things does Paul want the people to do? TEST Q!
- What language does the passage use to say this?
- Why, what does Beers believe Paul hopes to achieve?
- Corinthians 5 - written by Paul
- Paul tells people in letter not to eat with the man AND that they should expel him from the church
- “hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh”
- Cause the man to change his ways - she thinks Paul is appealing to the man to repent
In the 1 Corinthians 5 passage, what two different views do people have regarding “handing this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh?”
1. _____________
2. _____________
What might make Paul think that this may be good for the man?___________
It is a permanent banishment
It is a temporary banishment to cause the man to change his ways
In the Corinth society, being banished from a community or society that one joined voluntarily was considered a disgrace
Considering the following bible passage: “If any of you has a dispute with another, do you dare to take it before the ungodly for judgment instead of before the Lord’s people?……..one brother takes another to court–and this in front of unbelievers! “
- Where is this from and who wrote it? and
- What does the author tell the people not to do and why (based on where the court was)?
- 1 Corinthians 6
- written by Paul
Paul tells them not to take their disputes to the court which was public so all would hear it, presenting a bad picture of the Jesus community in a completely open public space for all to hear. Further, there was bribing and other inappropriate activity associated with the court disputes that also was wrong for the Jesus community to be associated with.
Considering the following bible passage: “The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means you have been completely defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, and you do this to your brothers and sisters. “
- Where is this from and who wrote it? and
- The author tells the audience that the Jesus community are supposed to be living ____________ versus living __________. Thus, there is a ______________ framework within this book.
- 1 Corinthians 6
- written by Paul
living “in the kingdom” versus living in the present day age as these types of activities indicate”kingdom of God/New Age frame”
When Paul wrote against homosexual relations in 1 Corinthians 6, it may be noted that the bible never condones homosexual activity. Some people, however, argue that today, ________ just as the bible discusses __________ “which we know is not OK now.”This is considered a ___________ issue.
“we know better now,”
slavery
historical
In 1 Corinthians 6 as part of Paul’s comments against homosexual relations, he references Gen 2:24: “That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh.” This is because _______________. It should be noted that _______ are not value-neutral; they all have “___________.
a CONTROLLING STORY for Paul (a practice typical for Paul)
Stories
slants/agendas - even the creation story
In the POST modern day story about homosexual relations, the story is a “__________ ” story and your __________ can change.This is considered a ___________ issue.
a FLUID, personal choice or love STORY
“orientation”
Story Framework Issue
Unlike the topics in
1 Corinthians, there BROAD agreement on what Paul is discussing in 2 Corinthians. What is the subject of the letter?
The Corinthians are being encouraged to honor their commitment to donate to the Judea famine relief fund.
Why does Paul need to make such a strong pleas in 2 Corinthians - what and who are the challenges to his argument?
How does he try to alleviate the Corinthians’ concerns and who is mentioned?
Some people, possibly sophists, are claiming that Paul is TAKING THE MONEY being donated to the Judea famine fund for FOR HIMSELF.
Paul says that Titus and “unnamed brothers” will collect the money by their own initiative so Paul will have nothing to do with it.
What is Paul being pressured to do in 2 Corinthians?
Why does he resist it (3 reasons)?
Paul is being pressured to accept patronage from people of the Church in Corinth.
He resists this because:
1. WRONG RECIPROCITY: It would commit Paul to the WRONG SORTS OF RECIPROCITY (committed to raise up the status of his patrons)
2. LOCATION: It would BIND HIM TO a particular LOCATION
3. SOCIALLY INFERIOR: PLACE HIM IN a SOCIALLY INFERIOR POSITION so he could not freely navigate the varying status levels of the ancient world
Why was it good to have a patron in ancient Greece/Corinth?
What were the disadvantages?
Good because: There was no social “safety net” so patrons were protected financially as well as supported.
Bad because: You were bound to make efforts to raise the status of your supporter and placed at a social status below them.
Instead of accepting patronage to provide financial support, Paul did what?
What was revolutionary about this?
He made tents.
Working with his hands was a lower status type of activity even though Paul’s status was rather high.
When Paul is making his argument to the people in 2 Corinthians what tactics of the day does he use?
What is significant about this?
Paul demonstrates his training in GREEK RHETORICAL SKILLS.This demonstrates that Paul was a person of his day, well educated and trained.
When Paul is making his argument to the people in 2 Corinthians what does he tell the Corinthians about Macedonia?
Why would this be a motivation to them?
Paul tells them that Macedonia has already come ahead of the Corinthians in donating.
Macedonia is a historic rival to Corinth thus this would be a motivation!
How do we know that Paul knew the people in Corinth well?
EXAM QUESTION!
What was the value of this?
Paul had been there for 18 months.
Because the people knew him they were more likely to accept his style of a personal rhetorical argument.
What did it mean to reject the offer of a patron to support you in ancient Corinth?
This refusal was offensive – damaging to the honor of those offering - this explains why some people were upset with Paul in the church
When Paul is making his argument to the people in 2 Corinthians, how does he tell them that he feels regarding their following through with their commitment?
Paul says that he has full confidence in the Corinthians
What type of people make up most of the Corinthian Church?
Gentiles
Where does this passage come from?: “Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously. Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.”
2 Corinthians 9 (v 6 & 7)
Paul says: “As it is written: “They have freely scattered their gifts to the poor; their righteousness endures forever.” Where does Paul extract this from and what is the significance of it?”
Quote from Psalm 112:9
This point CONNECTS GIVING AND RIGHTEOUSNESS.
Where is this passage from and who is the Author?:”Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what we do not see. This is what the ancients were commended for. By faith we understand that the universe was formed at God’s command, so that what is seen was not made out of what was visible. By faith Abel brought God a better offering than Cain did. By faith he was commended as righteous, when God spoke well of his offerings. And by faith Abel still speaks, even though he is dead.”
Hebrews
The author may be Paul……but mat NOT be Paul
What is a main topic of Hebrews?
Faith
What is a practice referred to in James and what was the significance of it?
Anointing with oil. Likely this was RITUAL anointing associated with HEALING.Other ancient uses included medicine use and burial.
What does James say to do for those who are sick (2 things).One of these must be done by a particular type of person. What type of person and who is an example of that type of person given by James?
- Pray over them for healing and anoint them with oil.
- Prayer MUST BE of a righteous person like Elijah (his prayers for healing were successful).- NOTE - “J” in James & Elijah! (memory tool)
What seems to be associated with sickness in James?
What seems to be associated with lack of healing?
Sin is associated with sickness
Lack of faith is associated with lack of healing
Where is this passage from?:”Is anyone among you in trouble? Let them pray. Is anyone happy? Let them sing songs of praise. Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise them up. If they have sinned, they will be forgiven.”
James (5)
