Exam II Flashcards
Luke is in “2 volumes”: ___ and ___
Luke & Acts
Luke is witten to “Theopholis” which could be ______ OR ________
the person sponsoring or funding Luke
referring to all ‘Lovers of God”
Luke is the only gospel to parallel ____ & _____
Jesus & John the Baptist
There are 2 gospels with genealogies for Jesus.
o ______ genealogy back to Abraham (written for _____)
o ______ genealogy back to Adam (written for ______ ) demonstrating _______
Matthew’s …. the Jews
Luke’s …..Jews and gentiles as well
INCLUSIVENESS
A FOCUS of The book of Luke is ______ ______ and the book anticipates It, often asking “What will ____ _____ do today?”
the HOLY SPIRIT
the HOLY SPIRIT
Luke also focuses on ______ groups
marginalized
Mary is a ______ person
low status
The Angel Gabriel told Mary that Jesus would be born to establish _____ - which is a BIG point and that it will last ________ – which is even bigger
a KINGDOM
FOREVER
regarding Luke, there is a debate about the “throne” issue with jesus:
o Some say ______
o Others say _______
He was ALWAYS on the throne
Jesus’ Enthronement will happen at the “end of time”
Two Key EXPECTATIONS in Luke are:
- Jesus TAKING THE ____ and
- Jesus Providing SALVATION FOR ________
THRONE
THE GENTILES
In Luke, at Jesus’ circumcision, _______ says that “It had been revealed to him by the ______ that he would not die before he had seen _______.
Simeon
Holy Spirit
the Lord’s Messiah
In Luke Simeon said that Jesus would be a ______ for revelation to ______, and the _____ of _______.”
light
the Gentiles
glory
the people of Israel
There was an _______ for the Jewish group from whom ________ would arise, thus many Jewish groups wanted to be able to proclaim this. Luke shows not only:
o An _______ in this for this “group” but ironically
o An ______ in that Jesus brought salvation for ______
exclusivity
the Messiah
EXCLUSIVITY
INCLUSIVENESS……ALL
Jesus returns to Galilee in the power of _______after overcoming temptation in the wilderness
the HOLY SPIRT
Jesus goes to the synagogue in __________ , was handed the scroll of _____ and reads: “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to set the oppressed free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.”
Nazareth (Jesus hometown)
Isaiah
After Jesus read aloud from the scroll of _____ in ______, He said to the people in the synagogue: “Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.” – Jesus was claiming to be ________ - that is, He was the ______ of the scriptures
Isaiah
Nazareth
The Messiah
fulfillment
When Jesus read from Isaiah on Nazareth, “Isn’t this ______?” they asked. And He was asked to ________ and do what he did in ______
Joseph’s son
PROVE that He was the Messiah
Capernum
When Jesus was asked to PROVE that He was the Messiah in Nazareth, Jesus responded saying that a prophet is ________. He Noted that Elijah was sent to a gentile widow and Elisha was sent to Gentile ruler named __________ , both who were OUTSIDE the _______ community
not respected in his hometown
Naahman
Jewish
Jesus’ point about a prophet not being respected “outside their hometown” was that salvation is NOT limited to ______ - that is, salvation is NOT _____ between the Jews and God
one group (the Jews)
vertical
The Prophetess Anna (the old widow who lived in the Temple) said that “Jesus was there to save Jerusalem.” Some scholars therefore say that because:
o The Jewish People were not ______ and
o Jerusalem was not ______
The book of Luke is a _________.
saved
released from Roman rule
tragedy
In the book of Luke, Gabriel said to Mary about Jesus:
“The Lord God will give him the _____ of his father David, and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his _____ will never end.”
THRONE
KINGDOM
“In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar–when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee…..the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.”
—The significance of the rulers referred to this passage from _____ is that ________ – and Ironically, compared to all of these significant leaders, Jesus _______.
Luke
the time period is carefully placed
will be greater
______ said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from _________?
John the Baptist
the coming wrath
_______ said “Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have ______ as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up _______.” These “children” refers to the _________.
John the Baptist……..Abraham
children for Abraham
Gentiles
Luke ends with, and Acts begins with, an account of _______ which is considered to be associated with _______
Jesus Ascension
Jesus’ enthronement
The Gospel of Luke needs the book of Acts to address:
- ________
- ________
- _________
- Enthronement = ascension
- Salvation for Gentiles
- Redemption of Jerusalem:
There are 3 Ascension theories:
- Jesus was literally ______
- All observers had same ______ of this and
- The observers ________ so they agreed to explain it this way
taken up into clouds
“hallucination”
could not explain Jesus being there then gone
Christians are seen as _______ in the book of Acts, i.e., they do the things for one another that previously you would have only seen ______ do for one another
“Living as a family”
family members
In Acts, we see a reiteration of the NT claim that God no longer lives in ______. First we see this shifted to _______ and then finally God lives in _____ – that is in _______
the Temple
Christ’s body
the Church…..God’s people
o Paul in Acts is speaking to those who __________
o Paul in Letters is speaking to those who ________
do NOT know the Jesus story
DO have knowledge and understanding of Jesus
At beginning of Acts (beginning Chapter 2), there were ____ “Christians.” (___tribes/apostles X ___completeness). At Pentecost (which was a ______ that brought Jews to Jerusalem), this number increases dramatically to about____ .
120
12 X 10
3000
Jewish festival
At the Pentecost event, it was stated that:
o “There was a sound like the _____” but there was no ______ and that
o “____came down upon their heads” but it was NOT ____
wind
wind
Fire
fire
Regarding the apostles speaking in tongues at Pentecost, Beers believes that ALL apostles were speaking in ______ but that each different listener______ as if in their own language. The Jews there tried to explain it by suggesting that the speakers were _____ but Peter said “______!”
the same language
“heard it”
drunk
no, it is only 9 in the morning
Peter refers to the prophet ____ in Acts 2 where the message was that God would “_______ (what will he do?) _______ (when?)”
The passage also says that “The sun will be turned to ____ and the moon to _____ before the ______. “
Joel
pour out his Spirit ………in those [LAST] days
darkness…. blood….coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord
When Peter refers to Joel in Acts 2, he uses a __________ lens.
Last Days
In Acts 2:20 (“The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood”), there are 2 interpretations:
- ______ Interpretation (acknowledges that is WAS the Spirit of God in the first part but we are _________for the last part) and
- ______ Interpretation (also acknowledges that is WAS the Spirit of God in the first part but the second part was _________ and we are only awaiting the last days now)
Literal……still waiting
Metaphorical…..Metaphorical
In the NT, there is a SEPARATION of _____ and _____ when it comes to being saved versus the OT where they were considered as only being together
spiritual and physical
Acts 2:36 says “Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Messiah.” This needed to be brought to the attention of the people that Jesus was BOTH ________ AND ______ because the _____ was not expected to be GOD but MAN
God …..Messiah
Messiah
In Acts 2, the people (Christians) went on to devote themselves to the apostle’s teaching, prayer and ______ which means ______
breaking of bread….eating together
Acts 10: Speaks of the city of \_\_\_\_\_ which was a significant: o Port city o Important for trade o Built up by Herod o Important Roman fort city o VERY important Roman city
Caesarea
In Acts 10, Peter became hungry and fell into a trance. He saw heaven opened and saw a ________ that contained ________.
Then a voice told Peter, “Get up, Kill and eat.” “Peter replied. “NO! I have never _________.” The voice spoke to Peter a second time saying “Do not call anything impure that ________.”
a large sheet ….. all kinds of four-footed animals. reptiles and birds
eaten anything impure or unclean …… God has made clean
Peter says that the animal/food example was seen as an indication that _______.
God as the Holy Spirit can enter all men
Referenced by Peter in the book of _______, Psalm 16 refers to someone who will “sit at the right hand of God. “ Likewise, Psalm 110 says that Davis said “The Lord said to my Lord: ‘Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.’”
Some Christian scholars say these are psalms about ______ and others say about _______.
Acts
Jesus ……David
TEXT CRITICISM is an attempt to reconstruct _________
the original text or words
TEXT CRITICISM is performed because we have no _____________ although we DO have – ___________ which are mostly in fragments. These were created by _______ before the development of the _________
original AUTOGRAPHS (manuscripts)
Variant copies
Scribes
Printing press
External Criteria considerations for text criticism include: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ these items are\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the text
- Age of Manuscript
- Agreement of manuscripts from a wider geographical areas
- Readings that cross text-types
OUTSIDE
External Criteria for text criticism - Possible causes:
- ____________
- ______________
- Scribes inadvertently change text (to what they are familiar with) or
- Scribes intentionally make adjustments because they may believe there was an error
Example of External item identified by text criticism:
At the Beginning of The Lord’s Prayer:
- All ____________variant texts are the same (“Our Father,..”) so complete agreement there
- in ______ 2 different variants:
> Some say only “Father,…”
> Some say “Our Father,..”
Matthew
Luke
Internal Criteria considerations for text criticism include: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The "BIGGETS ONE" is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
these items are__________ of the text
- Transcriptional probabilities:
- Authorial probabilities:
- Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants:
Fundamental Guideline
Inside
Internal Criteria, “Transcriptional probabilities,” for text criticism say that:
- _______ readings more likely original and
- ___________ reading more likely to be original
- Shorter
2. More difficult
Internal Criteria, “Authorial probabilities,” for text criticism says that:
Readings that fit with the author’s ____, ______ and ______ are more likely to be original.
style, vocabulary and theology
The Internal Criteria, “Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants,” for text criticism considers:
Which variant best __________ the other variants?
explains the existence of
The problem with TRANSLATION is that Every translation is itself ____________
an interpretation
Various Translation theories:
1. Formal Translation - Keep _____ the same from language to language
Examples would be:__________________
- Functional Translation – translation based on _______
form
(thus Greek noun –> English noun;
a Greek prepositional phrase –> English prep phrase etc.)
what the function of the word is in the statement
One problem with formal translation form Greek to English is that __________________
Word Order has far less significance in Greek than in English which makes word-for-word Formal Translation Difficult
Where do these bibles "fit” in the translation realm?: KJV - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NIV - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NLT - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The Message – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
KJV - Formal Equivalent
NIV - Primarily functional equivalent with some attention to
formal consideration
NLT - Functional Equivalent
The Message – ParaphraseHow to read the epistles well: o Note the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ o Note the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ o Note the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (although the\_\_\_\_\_\_ may be even more significant) o Note the \_\_\_\_\_\_
Author
Audience
Date… order
Purpose
Ancient letter format (formal) – begins with: 1. Identification of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Identification of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ farewell \_\_\_\_\_\_\_follows this format very closely:
- Author
- Audience
- Greeting
- Thanksgiving
- Body of Letter
- Personal news/greetings
- Single-word
Paul
Corinthian Letter:
o Written by __________
o Written to ________
o Also written to _________
o Later in letter references to communal relationships
o Comments in letter are telling people not to compare ________ words with the ________
Paul and Sothsenes (co-written)
church in Corinth
broader group
Paul’s ….. “Speakers of Wisdom”
Galatians o Written by\_\_\_\_\_ o Probably \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ letter o What is the big issue in the Galatian church? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Paul
oldest or one of the oldest
circumcision
In the ___________letter, Paul is upset with Peter’s response to ___________ who chastised Peter for _________ with the people of Galatia
Galatian
James
communing or eating
In the letter to the Galatians, ______________ (who is head of Jerusalem church) challenges __________ for doing __________ with the ____________ gentiles in the church
James (Jesus brother) –
Cephas (Peter)
eating….. “uncircumcised”
In the letter to the Galatians, the author ______________ speaks boldly against __________ and challenges him, asking him how he, a Jew who lives like a __________ can expect the __________ to live like ____________________
Paul
Peter/Cephas
gentile
gentiles ……… Jews
Paul feels that 1st c Jews are ________, still trying to “earn their way in” vs salvation by _______ – God did it, you can’t!
legalistic
Grace
_________ claims in his NEW PERSPECTIVE that 1st c Jews WERE faith-based, they had been in God’s grace since early history and their legal actions were about __________ in, not “___________in”
Sanders
STAYING……getting
Sanders called his theory “_____ _______” - the belief that one is brought into the Abrahamic covenant through _______ and stays in the covenant through _______
(the NEW PERSPECTIVE )
covenantal nomism
birth…..works
What was an original purpose of the law for the Jews?
Beers refers to the “new perspective” in which works of the law________________
IDENTIFIED Jews vs. Gentiles
__________ states that the ________ will rise FIRST then we will join them when _____________.
o Paul discusses this because some believers were grieving
o It is a very important passage for _____ discussions
1st Thessalonians 4:13-18
dead in Christ
Christ comes again
rapture
Thessalonica (city) is in ___________ which is the _______________province in Greece
Macedonia
northern-most
Many say that the ______________ is poor terminology for Christ’s return and that REAPPEARANCE or PRESENCE may be better
“second coming”
Jesus’ “second coming” is referred to in scripture with the Greek word __________
PAROUSIA
In the Ancient world, the term PAROUSIA was used for _____________
leaders returning form war campaigns
In the Ancient world, when somebody would “PAROUSIA” they would be met and greeted by people coming out to see them. This was paralleled in 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 by _______
those “still alive being caught up together with the dead in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air”
The IMPORTANT language in 1st Thessalonians 4:13-18 is that we will be ______________ to meet Jesus
caught up TOGHETHR with those who are asleep in Christ
When Jesus PAROUSIAs he will ______________, uniting heaven and earth
bring heaven with him
____________ is associated with the “rapture” concept as we perceive it today
John Nelson (early 1800’s)
In Romans 9:1-5__________ is sad:
“I have great sorrow … and wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people….Theirs is the adoption to sonship”
This is viewed in two ways regarding ___________, an INDIVIDUAL view and a GROUP view
Paul
predestination
Romans 9:1-5 VIEW 1: Our minds too small to understand God’s thoughts regarding his _________ of __________ people. God’s choices are those that glorify Him
predestination
INDIVIDUAL
Romans 9:1-5 VIEW 2: Emphasizes God & God’s People as a __________ regarding his selection. God has been ________ to his people
GROUP
faithful
In both of the two views used to look at Romans 9, GOD CHOOSES, but in View 1 He chooses ______, and in View 2 he chooses _______.
individuals
a group
In the View 2 interpretation of Romans 9, IF you are part of a group that God chooses and you _________, you will be part of ________.
choose God
God’s people
In Romans 9, Paul is sad because even with the advantages that Paul’s people (the Jews) were afforded, ____________________.
not all Jews have chosen Jesus.
In the View (1) evaluation of Romans 9, the focus is on________________, that is, God chooses ___________________.
Individual Predestination
individual people
In the View (2) evaluation of Romans 9, the focus is on God choosing ________________ then the people ________ decide whether to ___________.
a group
the group
choose God
In romans 9, Isaac and Jacob represent __________ to a “View 1 person” and _____________ to a “View 2 person.”
individual, chosen people
the GROUP if Israel
In Romans 9, we see 2 “Israels” and they are:
1. ______ through God’s choosing and
2. __________
despite the fact that all claim to be Abraham’s children
Jews
the gentiles through Jesus
Some of the “First Israel” have chosen _______________ and some have not
God
In the case of Abraham and Sarah trying to “force” a son for Abraham with Hagar (Ishmael), View 1 says God always __________ and View 2 says God ______________
- makes his choices and picks who he wants as he always has
2. God faithfully worked to keep the “people of God” concept going despite human manipulation
When God chose to “harden” Pharaoh’s heart, View 1 sees it as ______________ while view 2 says that _______________
- God choosing to harden an individual
2. Pharaoh already did not respond well to God so God just hardened him further
In the Romans 9 potter/pottery image, View 1 says that God choses some individuals for _______and some for__________ while and View 2 says this is an example of how God responds to ______________
noble purposes ….. ordinary uses
Israel’s unfaithfulness
In the Romans 9 discussion of vessels of wrath and vessels of mercy, View 1 says that God choses some _______ as these different types of vessels and View 2 says that they are _________ vessels or _____.
individuals
communal ……groups
Romans 9: says “it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.” “Children of the promise can refer to both _____ and _____ historically and to _______ today, none of whom are the ______ children to choose.
Isaac and Jacob
Christians
natural
God’s statement seen in Romans 9 from Malachi, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated,” is questioned by many and can be difficult to explain with ______ (which view) leading to the question “Is God injust” to which Paul says _____________
either View 1 or View 2 - both are difficult
“Not at all”
BIG POINT IN ROMANS 9: THE ONES WHO GET GLORY ARE NOT __________ BUT _______
ONLY JEWS
GENTILES AS WELL!
In some ways View 1 had a ______ view or Romans 9 in that they want to look at Romans 9 WITHOUT looking at _______ (as View 2 does) Yet in other ways View 1 has a ______ view of Romans 9 in that they want to view the passage in terms of ________
SMALLER
the OT
BIGGER
ALL people EVERYWHERE!
In Romans 9 interpretations, which view routinely looks to the OT?
View 2
One example of the text criticism “Fundamental Guidelines” concept is John 8:3-11 about the woman caught in adultery and Jesus response to stoning of her by bystanders. This story is present in the _____ but not found in _____ and may be omitted in ________.
KJV
pre-7th c manuscripts
the NIV
The story of the woman caught in adultery in the NIV is a challenge because it is not present in manuscripts from before _______so it is not known where the passage belongs. The ______________ concept of text criticism explains this.
the 7th c
“Fundamental Guidelines”
When applied to the “trinity” passage of John 5:7, the “Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants” concept of text criticism concept eliminates this text which was present in the KJV. The KJV includes the passage because the KJV was based on __________ dated from _______ or later that included it. Modern translations, however, use 5000+ Greek manuscripts, many which are OLDER than those used for the KJV and they do NOT include the passage.
5 Greek manuscripts….12th C
Fundamental Guideline for assessing variants determines: ____________
which variant best explains the existence of the other variants
“Koinonia,” associated with the early Christians, is a Greek word which means:______
communion;
joint participation;
the share which one has in anything
In Act 2:9-11 what did the people of Parthians, the Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs hear?
They heard the apostles “declaring the wonders of God in their own tongues!”
In Act 2:9-11 why were the Jews from Parthians, the Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; Rome; Cretans and Arabs in Jerusalem?
For the festival of Pentecost - ALL were JEWS
