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lifespan dev in context > exam IV (final) > Flashcards

exam IV (final) Flashcards

1
Q

middle adulthood major objectives

A

expand responsibility, more aware of time, satisfaction in career

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2
Q

mechanics of aging

A

telomeres at end of each chromosome and epigenetic
marks at the edges of DNA begin to wear away

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3
Q

middle adulthood vision

A

cornea flattens, lens lose flexibility, weakened muscle changing lens shape, ability to see in dim light declines, limited color discrimination

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

farsightedness, inability to focus lens on close objects

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5
Q

middle adulthood hearing

A

age-associated hearing loss is mostly preventable, mens quicker than womens

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6
Q

presbycusis

A

“old hearing” - apparent in 50s, loss begins w high-pitched sounds

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7
Q

middle adulthood endurance

A

at its peak

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8
Q

By age 50, about ___ of men show some signs of hair
loss

A

half

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9
Q

middle adulthood skin

A

layers of skin loosen/thin, loss of fat –> wrinkling+loosening, women experience sooner+quicker

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10
Q

middle adulthood muscles

A

rate of decline in muscle mass &
strength accelerates in 40s, isometric strength retained

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11
Q

middle adulthood bones

A

density decline after 30s, thinner+more porous, losing height

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12
Q

menopause average age

A

51

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13
Q

influence of menopause timing

A

heredity + lifestyle/contextual influences

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14
Q

official start of menopause

A

1 year after last menstrual period

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15
Q

perimenopause

A

transition to menopause, extending from 3 years
before & after menopause

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16
Q

perimenopause symptoms

A

shorter cycle, erratic periods, less predictable, hot flashes, reduced arousal

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17
Q

men middle adulthood hormonal changes

A

slight declines in sex hormones of ~2% a year

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18
Q

“sandwich generation”

A

middle-aged adults pressed to meet demands of career & family BUT often have demands of caring for aging parents

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19
Q

tobacco use

A

smoking rates have declined

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20
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

The accumulation of facts and information from past experiences

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21
Q

fluid intelligence

A

connections among ideas + inferences, processing/problem-solving

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22
Q

middle adulthood - crystallized vs fluid intelligence trend

A

fluid declines, crystallized increases

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23
Q

inihibition

A

ability to resist interference from irrelevant information to stay focused on the task at hand - becomes more difficult over adult years

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24
Q

middle adulthood memory

A

capacity of working memory declines from 20s-60s, related to changes in attention

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25
Q

Most consistent age-related cognitive decline

A

processing speed

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26
Q

processing speed decline trend

A

more complex the task, the greater the age-related decline in reaction time

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27
Q

middle adulthood erikson stage(s)

A

intimacy vs isolation may finish or come back , main = generativity vs stagnation

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28
Q

4 types of generativity

A

biological, parental, work, cultural

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29
Q

primary form of generativity

A

parenthood - profound changes/transitions

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30
Q

employment benefits on generativity

A

personal skills, creative energy, mentor coworkers, support education + health, community building

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31
Q

maslow hierarchy of needs

A

PSaLSuS-A

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32
Q

“social clock”

A

timetable for behaviors set by social/cultural norms

33
Q

social convoy

A

network of relationships that protect & travel through time with you

34
Q

Lower-income adults break up at ____ the rate as more affluent ones

A

twice

35
Q

For 1st marriages in the U.S., most divorces occur within _ yrs, __% take place after 20 years or more

A

5; 10

36
Q

5 definitions of age

A

chronological, perceived, biological, psychosocial/cognitive, sociocultural

37
Q

most diverse period of the lifespan

A

late adulthood

38
Q

Gerontologists (scientists who study aging) suggest that late
adulthood begins at about age:

A

65

39
Q

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

A

basic living skills that include independently using the bathroom, getting dressed, bathing and feeding oneself, moving short distances

40
Q

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

A

includes tasks requiring planning + social skills, such as arranging
for transportation, shopping, cooking, organizing finances, keeping your home clean, communicating by phone, and managing medical care and medications

41
Q

late adulthood brain

A

brain slowdown, new neurons, compensation

42
Q

Reaction time ___
with age

A

increases

43
Q

cognitive reserve

A

the ability to maintain your thinking abilities despite getting older

44
Q

most dramatic decline in cognitive skills ~after 70

A

processing speed

45
Q

late adulthood working memory vs long-term memory

A

working memory declines w age, long-term more slow in speed of retrieval

46
Q

factors affecting learning abilities

A

pacing, anxiety, meaningfulness, motivation, physical health

47
Q

mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

A

adult has more cognitive challenges than would be expected for a person of their age but is still able to function in their everyday life

48
Q

alzheimer disease

A

gradual deterioration of memory and personality — formation of
plaques of beta-amyloid protein and tangles of tau protein in the brain

49
Q

5 stages of alzheimer disease

A

forgetfulness, confusion, memory loss, impaired communication, unresponsiveness

50
Q

vascular cognitive disorder

A

injuries to cardiovascular system disrupt brain and cognitive functioning – svecond-most common NCD of aging

51
Q

vascular cognitive disorder causes

A

small or large breaks in blood
vessel

52
Q

Highest rates of depression
in:

A

young adults + middle aged

53
Q

depression in aging causes

A

physical factors, psychological factors, personality factors, medications

54
Q

erikson late adulthood stage

A

ego integrity vs despair - adults review, or integrate, their past and make peace with
themselves

55
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation

A

maximize gains, minimize losses

56
Q

Socio-Emotional Selectivity Theory

A

Selectivity based on limited
time focus – positivity effect

57
Q

Disengagement Theory

A

gradual withdrawal from world, compelled by society

58
Q

Continuity Theory

A

remaining active, consistency in self

59
Q

4 types grandparenting relationships

A

remote, companionate, involved, surrogate

60
Q

low social support associated with

A

cardiovascular disease, cancer, infectious diseases, and
mortality

61
Q

19th century vs 20th century view on death

A

household events vs life-extending factors

62
Q

clinical death

A

stage in the dying process when breathing / heart stop. cardiac arrest in medical field

63
Q

brain death

A

irreversible brain damage that makes them unable to function and respond to stimulation

64
Q

terminal decline

A

changes in cognition, processing, and/or personality, which signify that a person is nearing death

65
Q

terminal agitation

A

A condition in which a dying person becomes restless, upset, and/or delirious

66
Q

terminal lucidity

A

unexpected return to consciousness or cognitive clarity in people who are at the end of life

67
Q

Damage to the ____
triggers the end of life

A

brain stem

68
Q

kuber-ross stages of dying

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

69
Q

palliative care

A

improving quality of life &
eliminating pain

70
Q

hospice care

A

end-of-life care that focuses on eliminating suffering, by treating the emotional, physical, spiritual, and social needs of dying people and their families

71
Q

health care proxy

A

names a specific person to make health care decisions for you if you are unconscious or unable to make medical decisions

72
Q

passive euthanasia

A

allowing to die without extraordinary means to extend life

73
Q

active euthanasia

A

deliberate act to end a person’s life - not legal anywhere

74
Q

physician-assisted death

A

providing a lethal dose of a medication a terminally ill patient may take to end their own life

75
Q

physician-assisted death requirements

A

patient not depressed, doctor can’t administer medication, <6 months to live, 15 day waiting period

76
Q

opposed/more vulnerable to PAD

A

Women, African Americans, lower SES, lower education

77
Q

adulthood age range

A

25-65

78
Q

middle aged alzheimer’s progresses…

A

more rapidly

79
Q

Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called _____

A

stratification theories

lifespan dev in context (4 decks)

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