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lifespan dev in context > exam II > Flashcards

exam II Flashcards

1
Q

early childhood growth

A

rate slows, long torso, adult-like head/body ratio, losing baby teeth, lowest body fat

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2
Q

what influences motor skills in early childhood?

A

practice, community learning, cultural support

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3
Q

brain growth at early childhood

A

slower, 75% at age 2 and 95% at age 9, maturing prefrontal cortex

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4
Q

primitive thinking

A

unsystematic, symbolism, etc

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5
Q

animism

A

natural objects are alive like humans

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6
Q

centration

A

focusing on one way of thinking and perceiving, without acknowledging any alternatives

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7
Q

vgotsky theory of children learning

A

social interaction in maturation

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8
Q

zone of proximal development

A

skills a person can perform with
assistance, but not quite independently

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9
Q

autobiographical memory

A

memory of personally meaningful events, end to infantile amnesia (no memories before age 3)

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10
Q

theory of mind 3-4 yrs

A

4 yr olds recognize other ppls minds may differ, appearances can be deceptive

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11
Q

what helps to develop theory of mind?

A

simulation, maturing of brain structures

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12
Q

basic grammar assets

A

syntax (word order), plurals, pronouns

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13
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

early childhood - sense of purposefulness/pride, play, parents

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14
Q

early childhood emotional development influences

A

neurological maturation, genetic variations, early stress, care history

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15
Q

emotional socialization

A

process of learning how to express feelings in a way that is
appropriate for your culture

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16
Q

by 2, most kids know…

A

whether they are boys or girls

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17
Q

by 4, most kids…

A

have developed beliefs about “gender appropriateness”

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18
Q

social learning/behaviorism gender differences

A

gender roles learned through reinforcement/punishment, observing/modeling

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19
Q

cognitive theory gender differences

A

gender schema/constancy, categorize self/others

20
Q

baumrind parenting styles / four important dimensions that influence parenting:

A

expression of warmth/nurturance, strategies for discipline, quality of communication, expectations for maturity

21
Q

four categories of parenting styles

A

authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, neglectful/uninvolved

22
Q

criticisms of baumrind

A

ignored personalities, social statuses, cultural variation

23
Q

types of play

A

parallel, cooperative, functional, constructive, sociodramatic

24
Q

healthiest age range

A

middle childhood (6-11)

25
Q

middle childhood brain development pattern

A

use it or lose it

26
Q

adrenarche

A

first hormonal changes preparing the body for
puberty, typically age 5-9yrs

27
Q

asthma percentage of affecting

A

about 15% of children, more common w age

28
Q

obesity percentage of affecting

A

more than 17%

29
Q

concrete operations

A

~7-12, flexibility of thought, logical, mental operations

30
Q

concrete operations concepts

A

reversibility, classification, hierarchical relationships, conservation, seriation

31
Q

seriation

A

arranging objects in orderly series

32
Q

information processing theory concrete operatoinal

A

expanded knowledge base, memory, automatization, myelination

33
Q

automatization

A

repetition of thoughts and
actions makes the sequence
routine & less effortful

34
Q

comorbidity

A

two or more medical conditions present @ same time

35
Q

multifinality

A

one cause can have multiple manifestations

36
Q

equifinality

A

one symptom can have many causes

37
Q

metalinguistic awareness

A

figures of speech

37
Q

pragmatics

A

knowing appropriate time to swear

38
Q

ADHD prevalence

A

10% of school aged children in US

39
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

independence, peers influence

40
Q

ways of bullying

A

physical violence, relational aggression, bias-related bullying

41
Q

3 primary forces moral development

A

peer norms, personal experience, empathy

42
Q

preconventional stage of kohlberg moral reasoning

A

children use concrete and self-
centered (egocentric) reasoning (rewards + avoiding punishments)

43
Q

conventional stage of kohlberg moral reasoning

A

children think more abstractly
about what is right and wrong (social rules)

44
Q

postconventional stage of kohlberg moral reasoning

A

people can think abstractly
and about right and wrong as something that supersedes rules and laws (morals/ideals)

lifespan dev in context (4 decks)

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