exam I Flashcards
we learn by:
questioning what you know, testing that information, and relying on other people to replicate
8 major periods of development
PIEMAEML - prenatal, infant/toddler, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood
3 domains of human development
cognitive, physical, social
4 major themes of development
- complex interaction btwn person+world 2. universal but unique to each person 3. culture + community context are critical 4. change is constant, but some elements remain the same
prenatal through adolescence:
maturation predominates
maturation has more…
environmental regulation than maturation
biological perspective theories
evolution, ethological, epigenetic
ethological theory
human behaviors are universal,
innate, and gene-based. comparative study of animals offers insight into human
behaviors
epigenetic theory
physical/inborn/genetic characteristics changed by experiences
psychosocial theory
erikson 8 stages theory, early experiences + social interaction, stages triggered by physical maturation and societal expectations
2 studied erikson stages
trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame+doubt
watson behaviorism
babies equally capable, classical conditioning
skinner behavior
rewards+punishment, operant conditioning
zygote contains
46 chromosomes
germinal stage
first 2 wks, zygote duplicates + divides
embryonic stage
implantation - 8wks, amniotic sac protects/supports
3 weeks
neural tube -> formation of nervous system
4 weeks
primitive heart starts beating
fetal period
9wks-birth, rapid growth + sexual differentiation
at birth, age is __% of adult weight and at 2 it’s __%
25, 75
transient exuberance
period of neural connection growthe
experience-expectant development
development relies on nearly universal environmental inputs, sensitive periods
experience-dependent development
development relies on quality/quantity of environmental inputs
cephalocaudal development
development from top to bottom [head to feet]
proximodistal development
development starts from center outwards
7 reflexes
sucking, rooting, crying, eye-blink, Moro, palmar/grasping, babinski
moro reflex
arms up when falling backwards
babinski reflex
curling/fanning of foot
fine motor skills
manipulate body to achieve objective
piaget sensorimotor intelligence
infants think by using senses / motor skills
primary circular reactions
birth-4mo : stumbling on new experience through reflex-based motor activity and repeating event
secondary circular reactions
4-8mo : repetition of interesting events from environment
sensorimotor 8-12 months
object permanence, goal-directed behavior
sensorimotor 12-18 months
tertiary circular reactions (variance), mental representations, deferred imitation
naming explosion time period
18-24 months
broca’s area
word production
wernicke’s area
word comprehension
erikson 1st stage
trust vs mistrust - birth-18mo
erikson 2nd stage
autonomy vs shame/doubt - 18mo-3yrs
time of infants grasping/holding
4 months
children reach half their adult height by
~2yrs
