EXAM IV (Diagnosis and Treatment of Lameness) Flashcards
When are Nerve Blocks Useful and Why?
When lameness is obvious and not subtle because we need to see that when nerve blocks are used, the lameness improves
Where are local anesthetics effective?
Only at the site of injection
What are the most common types of local anesthetics?
Lidocaine and Mepivacaine (carbocaine)
What are the qualities of local anesthetics?
Rapid onset of action
Good efficacy
Long duration of action
Very few side effects
Why don’t we use sedation to inject nerve blocks?
Most sedations also relieve some amount of the pain
What are the names of the forelimb nerve blocks?
Palmar Digital (PD)
Abaxial Sesamoid
Low Four-point
High Four-point
High Palmar
What structures does intrasynovial anesthesia affect?
Joints, Bursa, and Tendon Sheaths
What nerves does the Palmar Digital nerve block affect?
Medial and Lateral Palmar Digital Nerves
What structures are blocked by the PD NB?
Palmar 1/3 of the foot: Navicular, navicular bursa, DDFT as it inserts on the coffin bone, digital cushion, part of the coffin joint, and the entire sole of the foot
What nerves does the abaxial sesamoid nerve block affect?
Medial and lateral digital nerves and their dorsal branches
What structures are affected by the abaxial sesamoid NB?
Everything below the fetlock (not including the fetlock): all the structures included in the PD NB, more proximal DDFT and SDFT, part of the extensor tendons, the distal sesamoid ligaments of the proximal sesamoids, tendon sheaths, coffin joint, and the pastern joint
V.A.N. meaning
Vein, Artery, Nerve
What nerves are blocked by the low four-point NB?
Medial and lateral palmar nerves
Medial and lateral metacarpal nerves
Where is the low four-point NB inserted?
Distal to the splint bone button
