Exam III: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders and Surgery Flashcards
Synthesis of thyroid hormones in response to ___, ___, or ___
[Normal Thyroid Gland Functions]
TSH, low serum iodide levels, or medication
Production of thyroglobulin (precursor to ___)
-Must be iodized to form ___ ___
[Normal Thyroid Gland Functions]
THs
T4 T3
Secretion of [Calcitonin or Calcitrol]
[Normal Thyroid Gland Functions]
Calcitonin
Increasing the rate of protein, fat, and ___metabolism
[Normal Thyroid Gland Functions]
glucose
Increasing body ___ through the metabolism of the above.
[Normal Thyroid Gland Functions]
temperature
Thyroid Hormone Actions: (6)
Increased BMR
-Increases rate of biochemical rxns
Increases O2 Consumption
Increases Body temp
Supports normal growth and development
Increases Cardiac Contractility & Function
Glucose, Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein Metabolism
Regulation:
Both controlled by TSH & are released in response to___ ___
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
metabolic demand
Regulation:
Amount secreted influenced by: gender, pregnancy,___ secretion, temperature, nutritional state, circulating chemicals & ___
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
steroid, catecholemines
Function:
Regulate ___, ___, ___
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
protein, fat, CHO catabolism
Function:
Metabolic rate of ___cells
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
all
Function:
Body ___ regulation
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
heat
Function:
GH ___
Skeletal muscle maturation
Cardiac rate, force and output
Resp rate and O2 utilization
Ca++ mobilization
RBC production assistance
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
secretion
Function:
Skeletal muscle ___
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
maturation
Function:
Cardiac rate,___ and ___
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
force and output
Function:
Resp rate and ___ utilization
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
O2
Function:
C___ mobilization
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
Ca++
Function:
RBC ___assistance
Thyroxine (T3, T4)
production
Regulation:
Responds to [elevated/depressed] serum Ca++ level
[Calcitonin]
Elevated
Regulation:
Other stimulants are: ___, ___, ___
[Calcitonin]
Gastrin, Ca++ rich foods, pregnancy
Regulation:
Low serum calcium [suppresses/stimulates] calcitonin release
[Calcitonin]
suppresses
Function:
Major function is [lower/higher] serum calcium levels by opposing bone ____effects of PTH (prevents Ca++ from being released into blood when bone___ ___)
[Calcitonin]
lower, resorption, breaks down
Function:
[Lowers/Increases} serum phosphate levels
[Calcitonin]
Lowers
Function:
[Decreases/Increases] Ca++ and PO4 absorption in the GI tract
[Calcitonin]
Decreases
___: essential in carbohydrate and fat metabolism
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
Somatostatin
___: regulation of Calcium
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
Calcitonin
Two forms of Thyroid Hormone are present in the body:
___ ___(T4)
___ (T3)
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
Thyroxine tetraiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine
Together they are simply called ___ ___
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
Thyroid Hormone or (TH)
TH is regulated by a ___ feedback loop with the hypothalmus, anterior pituitary and thyroid gland.
-Tsh stimulated by [low/high] T3, T4 and exposure to cold
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
negative
low
The loop is ___ by thryotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalmus.
[Hormones secreted by the Thyroid]
initiated
Primary hypothyroidism:
[Increase/decrease] Free T4
[Increase/decrease] TSH
[Effects ON Free T4 and TSH]
Decrease free T4
Increase TSH
Secondary hypothyroidism:
[Increase/decrease] Free T4
[Increase/decrease] TSH
[Effects ON Free T4 and TSH]
Decrease Free T4 & TSH
Primary hyperthyroidism
[Increase/decrease] Free T4
[Increase/decrease] TSH
[Effects ON Free T4 and TSH]
Increase Free T4
Decrease TSH
Secondary hyperthyroidism
[Increase/decrease] Free T4
[Increase/decrease] TSH
[Effects ON Free T4 and TSH]
Increased Free T4/TSH
Hyperthryoidism (___): hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
thyrotoxicosis
Primary causes:
Leading cause of hyperthyroidism is ___disease (autoimmune disease)
-TSH receptor antibodies bind to ___gland and cause gland ___
-Also Results in excessive production and secretion of ___ and ___
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
Graves
Gland, enlargement
T3 and T4
Primary Cause:
Toxic multinodular ___
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
goiter
Primary cause:
Thyroid nodule (___) or tumor
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
adenoma
Primary Cause:
___: release of stored hormones
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
Thyroiditis
Secondary
___ TSH from multiple conditions
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
Excess
Iatrogenic
Thyroxine, iodides, ____medications
[Hyperthyroid Pathophysiology]
amiodarone
[Hyper/Hypo]metobolic state
Enlarged thyroid gland (___-___x normal size)
[Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) s/s]
Hypermetabolic
2-3
Cardiovascular: ___blood volume, ___Peripheral vascular resistance, ___ oxygen consumption → tachycardia, ↑ sbp & ↑ cardiac output
[Warm/Cool] moist skin
[Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) s/s]
↑ , ↓ , ↑
Warm
[Fine/Gross] motor hand tremor
Muscle weakness and extreme ___
[Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) s/s]
Fine
fatigue
[Diarrhea/Constipation]
[Osteopenia/Osteogenesis imperfecta]
[Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) s/s]
Diarrhea
Osteopenia