Exam III Review Flashcards
_____% of divorcees will remarry
75%
What do older adults favor over marriage?
Cohabitation
What portion of marriages today include at least one partner who has been married previously?
1/4
Most children who have experience divorce are likely to experience what?
A new family form
Average age for remarriage for women
34
Average age for remarriage for men
37
Who is more likely to get remarried quicker?
Men
Men remarry ____ years after divorce on average whereas women remarry _____ years after divorce on average.
Men 3 yrs
Women 5 yrs
How does age affect likelihood of remarriage?
Younger people tend to be more likely to remarry; age is particularly strong predictor for women but affect not seen as much in men
Ethnic differences in remarriage
Whites most likely to get remarried
Research suggests that divorced and/or remarried moms see their new family situations as how?
Extremely difficult
Which relationship is strained with the child when bio parent conflict arises?
Stepparent and child relationship
Which type of parenting style works best for a stepparent at least initially? How about the bio parent?
Permissive style
Authoritative style
Which gender/age group of children have the most difficult time with remarriage?
Pre adolescent girls
Children’s adjustment to remarriage- discipline and child characteristics
Book
It is ____% likely that a remarriage will end in divorce at some point
65
What types of symptoms may divorcees experience?
Depressive, expression of Criticism and anger
Who is second divorce most common among?
Younger people
Lower SES
Unemployed partner
Presence of children
Well being of 1 time divorcees vs multiple time divorcees
Multiple timers tend to have poorer mental health, more depressive symptoms, more psych distress, higher rate of substance use
Differences in life satisfaction of 1 time divorcees vs multiple timers
None were found
____ of children will reside in step parent family before age 18
1/3
Golish 7 blended family challenges:
- Feeling caught between bio parents
- Regulating boundaries
- Ambiguity of parental roles
- Traumatic bonding
- Vying for resources
- Differences in conflict management
- Identity as one family
What tends to coincide with behavioral problems in children regarding blended families?
Cohabiting instead of married
____% of new marriages end in divorce
50%
Most common time for divorce?
First 7-10 years of marriage
2 Demographic factors that contribute to divorce
People who live together before marriage get divorced quicker
Low income low edu AND high income high edu women are at risk
Ethnic differences: Who is more likely to divorce and why?
Blacks more likely than Mexicans and Asians due to collectivism and religion
2 Societal factors that contribute to divorce
Independence of women has made divorce more of an option
Individualistic US culture
Intergenerational Transmission Of Divorce
What is it?
If parents got divorced you’re more likely to
Inter generational transmission of divorce patterns and risk factors:
D-D- both from divorced home
D-M- one from divorced home, one from married home
F-D- females parents married and males parents divorced
High risk
Mid risk
Low risk
What is the risk for divorce if both partners come from married homes with high conflict?
High risk
Buffering effect
If spouse is protective, sensitive, caring and supportive they’ll serve as a positive factor
Presence of children ________ the likelihood of divorce
Increases
4 links to divorce
Marital happiness
Alternatives
Barriers
Lack of conflict resolution skills
Adjustment for adults in divorce: initiators vs non initiators
Who is more likely to be the initiator?
Initiators fair better after divorce.
Women more likely
___ % of divorced have sex again after the divorce
13
Who suffers the most income drop after a divorce?
Women
6 coping patterns of divorce
- Enhanced
- Good enoughs
- Seekers
- Libertines
- Competent loners
- defeated
Divorce pattern characteristics: enhanced
Doing better post divorce then when married. Seize new opportunities and avoided or overcame hazards
Characteristics of the “good enoughs” pattern of divorce
Coast along and doing ok but not great. Tend to be less proactive, progress much slower
Characteristics of “seekers” divorce pattern
Couple up with someone new ASAP
Characteristics of “libertines” divorce pattern
Getting the groove on fast
Characteristics of “competent loners” divorce pattern
Living single life and are fine with it; smallest group
Characteristics of “defeated” divorce pattern
Depression high, not doing so well. Pre divorce problems getting worse
Pathogenic model
Divorce bad, kids are messed up 15% not doing well
Social address model
Compare different groups of kids to see who’s doing better. Suggests differences exist but persistent problems are not occurring in majority
Risk resilience approach
Kids not doing well 1-2 yrs after divorce but afterwards they start to improve.
4 Factors in child’s adjustment after divorce
Pre divorce circumstances
Relationship with parents
Parenting style
Relationship with non custodial parent
Selective approach to family benefits
Only some people are eligible for programs; usually based on income level
Universal approach to family benefits
Programs geared to help all families; more expensive to fund
FMLA
Year passed
Purpose
Why is it so important?
1993
Help protect working parents and their job while on maternity/paternity leave
Child health, care arrangements and breast feeding success
What did Guendelman find?
Maternity leave associated with more benefits to the child and increases in child weight due to breast feeding availability
What does FMLA mandate?
Minimum of 12 weeks unpaid leave to companies with 50+ employees that have been there at least 12 mo or put in at least 1250 hours
TANF
Stands for?
Temporary assistance to needy families
AFDC
What was it?
Mostly benefited who?
Entitlement program qualified in terms of income became unpopular when women moved back into workforce
Mostly benefited poor single mothers
FSA
Stands for?
Purpose?
Effect?
Family support act
Tried to increase additional support and income earned before benefits cut off. Expanded eligibility to two parents families and additional work programs added.
Effect not significant
PRWORA
stands for?
Purpose?
Personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act
Abolished open ended entitlement funding
What replaced AFDC?
TANF
Rules for time and funding under TANF/PRWORA
No funds for more than 5 years over a lifetime.
2 consecutive years without participation in any work activities or programs provided will result in cutting off of benefits
How many people receiving assistance currently have found employment?
1/3
What is early intervention?
Goals?
Activities designed for children at risk for poor developmental outcomes or developmental delays or disabilities
Goals: enhance cognitive development, academic achievement, school readiness
Developmental perspective
Families change over time and pass through a number of critical stages
Life stage perspective
Development proceeds through a pattern of stages that most people experience
Life span perspective
Development is a lifelong process that is multidirectional
Life course perspective
Age related transitions that are socially produced and shared
Widowhood: what can be a pre indicator of how one will adjust afterwards
Pre widowhood period and the anticipation it brings
Ethnic differences and social expectations in stress related to grandparents as custodial caregivers
Mexicans and blacks reported less stress than whites
About ____% of grandparents provide at least 1 hour a week of caregiving for grandchildren whose parents work
40%
Widows are _____ likely to have a confidant but _______ likely to report closeness to relatives than elders who are still married
Less, more
Widowhood: Volunteer work
Widows more likely to engage in volunteer work and those who do experience less depressive symptoms
Under what circumstances does a company not have to comply with FMLA?
Less than 50 employees
Worker not full time
Employees in top 10% of income if absence will damage company profit
What did Hiletal find?
People with more work flexibility were able to work 8-16 hours more before they reported work-life conflict
What did research suggest was the main reason people did not often utilize telecommuting?
Want to separate work and family lives
