Exam 1 Review Flashcards
Define marriage
An institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds
Define family
Relationship by blood, marriage, or affection in which members may cooperate economically and/or be intimately connected
Functions of family/marriage (6)
Regulation of sexual behavior Reproducing/socializing children Property/inheritance Economic cooperation Social placement and roles Care, protection & intimacy
Micro level vs macro level
Which psychologist?
Individual characteristics and personal decision making
Social, cultural, economical and political forces
Bronfenbrenner
Patterns of marriage
Monogamy, polygamy
Nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate?
Fictive kin
Patterns of authority
Matriarchal, patriarchal, egalitarian
Patterns of descent
Bilateral, patrilineal, matrilineal
Patterns of residence
Neolocal, patrilocal, matrilocal
Chinese families in transitions
Book
Average age for marriage for men and women
Women 26
Men 28
Which theory? Adopts economic model of human behavior Rewards vs costs Cost benefit analysis Comparison level of alternatives Exit costs Equity
Social exchange
Which theory?
Family subsystems
Boundaries (internal/external)
Family interactions
Family systems
Which theory? Reality is not fixed Symbols Looking glass self Self fulfilling prophecy
Symbolic interaction
Which theory?
Centrality of conflict in relationships
Power (financial, physical, love)
Conflict
Feminism 3 things one must meet to be considered a feminist
Men are privileged to women
Belief that’s not right
You’re going to do something about it
Which theory/perspective? 4 levels of context: Micro Meso Exo Macrosystem
Ecological
Which theory? Change over time Transitions and stages Historical time Timing of events Agency
Life course/developmental
Which theory?
Organization and function of family by dividing roles of members
Separate spheres for men and women lead to stability
Ignored gendered nature of these spheres and issues of tension
Structural functionalism
Singlehood Percent that never marry? Voluntary temporary singles Voluntary stable singles Involuntary temporary singles
4%
Delaying marriage but interested in marrying someday. Vast majority
Want to be single for life
Want to be married but cannot seem to find a partner
Functions and scripts of dating
Women
Men
Women- waiting to be asked, buying new outfit, eating lightly, primping
Men- asking, preparing car, money, planning, paying bill, walking to door
Trends in cohabitation (4)
Prior to marriage
For divorced or separated
Length of relationships
Stability
Why more cohabitation? (4)
Timing of marriage
Attitudes regarding sexuality have changed
Changes in meaning of marriage
Career and educational commitments
Reasons why people cohabit (7)
Convenience Economics Trial for marriage Engagement Alternative to marriage Security Rebellion
Characteristics of cohabiters (4)
Unstable family backgrounds
Less religious
Less education/income
More conflicts in relationships
Cohabiters and commitment
Less commitment
When they compared cohabiters who eventually intended to get married vs married couples what did they find?
No difference in relationship quality
Gay and lesbian cohabiters
Problems?
Similarities with opposite sex?
Often cannot form legal union
Kurdek: more egalitarian roles
A strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties; attraction based on sexual desire; and affection based on admiration, benevolence or common interests
LOVE
2 theories of gender role development
Social learning theory
Cognitive developmental theory
A category describing people who share real or perceived physical traits that society deems socially significant such as skin color
Race
Shared cultural characteristics such as language place of origin dress food religion
Ethnicity
A group of people who share specific cultural features
Ethnic group
People who have less power than dominant group
Minority
Negative attitude about members of selected racial/ethnic groups
Prejudice
Oversimplified sets of beliefs about a group of people
Stereotypes
Behaviors actions or practices based on racial or ethnic preferences that have harmful impacts
Discrimination
One person exhibiting negative behavior towards another
Individual discrimination
Government or education create policies and practices that are systematically disadvantageous for a certain group
Institutional discrimination
Fastest growing race in US?
Hispanics
Black families Size of minority group in US? Family involvement? Value what? History of?
2nd largest
Extended family involvement
Value parental authority and respect for elders
History of dual earner families and egalitarian roles
Mexican families Size of group in US? Importance of family? Respect for? Who is head of household?
Largest, fastest growing
Central role of family and extended family in everyday life
Respect for elders
Males as head of household
Asian/PI families
Importance of?
Who is superior?
Divorce rates?
Family over individuals
Superiority of husbands and elders
Lower divorce rates
Native American families
Diversity?
Trends?
Values?
VERY diverse
Marry young, high divorce rates
Value extended family elders and tribal identity
SES stands for? What is it? How is it set? Revised how often?
Socioeconomic status
Some combo of education occupation and income
Set by gov based on thrifty food budget
Revised yearly
Unemployment rate in 2012?
Poverty rate?
Deep poverty rate of AA?
Deep poverty rate of M?
- 3%
- 1%
- 5%
3 direct consequences of poverty for children
Health
Psychological
Academic
Indirect consequences of poverty on children
Depressed mood for caregiver
Affects relationship
Low nurturing from parent
Primary caregiver depressed mood
What percentage of children lived in food insecure households in 2010?
22%
3 developmental consequences of hunger
Brain impairment
Failure to thrive
Reduced activity level
Homelessness
How many children are homeless?
Families with children comprise how much of homeless population?
1.6 mil (1 in 45)
1/3
How many homeless mothers have PTSD? How many with substance abuse?
1/3
1/2
Unaccompanied youth What are they? More likely to what? How many will identify as LGBTQ? Average ages?
Runaways
Have mental health probs/substance abuse
1/3 as LGBTQ
16-22 yrs old
What proportion do blacks make up of homeless children?
1/2
Low income housing coalition estimated that how much was needed to afford modern 2 BR home?
3x minimum wage
Differences between US men and women on social status
Book
Social mobility concerning social status
Book
Which theory of love? And who?
Parental sensitivity
Attachment systems
Internal working models
Bowlby’s attachment theory
Attachment systems in bowlby’s attachment theory
Security system (proximity seeking) Exploratory system (secure base)
Sternberg’s Triangular View of Love
Intimacy, passion, commitment
Intimacy
Passion
Commitment
Sternbergs triangular view of love
Cognitive- commitment
Emotional- intimacy
Motivational- passion
