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Clinical Pathology > Exam III-Part I Development Pathologies > Flashcards

Exam III-Part I Development Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

T in TORCH:

A

Toxoplasma

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2
Q

O in TORCH:

A

Syphilis, Varicella, HIV, HBV

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3
Q

R in TORCH:

A

Rubella

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4
Q

C in TORCH:

A

Cyto-mega-lo-virus

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5
Q

H in TORCH:

A

Herpes

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6
Q

Which TORCH teratogens cause intracranial calcifications? (one more so then the other)

A

1.TOXOPLASMA GONDII-the major one 2.Vericella-Zoster

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7
Q

Which TORCH teratogen is associated with Saber Shin?

A

Other: Congential SYPHILIS

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8
Q

Which TORCH teratogen is the most common in the US and A?

A

CYTO-MEGA-LO-VIRUS-“the most common cause of congenital infection in the US”

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9
Q

Which TORCH teratogen resides in CATS as the definitive host?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

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10
Q

Which TORCH teratogens belong to the Herpes family? (3)

A

Herpes (HSV II, Neonatal Herpes), Vericella-Zoster, Cyto-Mega-Lo-Virus

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11
Q

Which TORCH teratogens DO NOT belong to the herpes family? (5)

A

Toxoplasma, Syphilis, Rubella, HIV, HBV

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12
Q

Which TORCH teratogen has BASOPHILIC intra-nuclear INCLUSIONS?

A

Cyto-Megalo-Virus (DEEP PURPLE)

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13
Q

Which TORCH teratogen has Eiosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusions?

A

HERPES: Congenital HERPES Encephalitis..(condry bodies) PINK!

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14
Q

Syphilis: An infected woman can transmit the _______ (type of bacterium) to her fetus after the _____ month of pregnancy. Unless treated promptly, late abortion, stillbirth or multiple fetal abnormalities results.

A

spirochete…3rd month

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15
Q

In _______ and _______ syphilis, a diffuse rash with _____ develops with sloughing of the epithelium of the ____ and _____. These lesions contain multiple _______ (bacteria type).

A

perinatal and infantile…BULLAE…palm and souls…spirochetes

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16
Q

Syphilitic osteoChondritis and periOstisis affects all bones causing _______ deformities and ______.

A

saddle-nose….saber shin

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17
Q

Finally, infantile syphilis causes liver, heart and lung fibrosis due to ______ formation.

A

GUMMA (a type of red/soft lesion)

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18
Q

Late-occurring congenital syphilis is characterized by the TRIAD of ___________, _________ and ___________.

A
  1. Interstitial Keratitis 2.Hutchinson’s Teeth 3.8th Nerve Deafness
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19
Q

Syphilis diagnosis is by identifying spirochetes in early lesions by ______ examination.

A

Darkfield

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20
Q

Syphilis: Serologic test include _____ and ____ (___ ____ ___) detect the presence of _______ to cardiolipin from beef hearts.

A

VDRL and RPR (rapid plasma reagin)….ANTIBODIES

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21
Q

Syphilis: SPECIFIC serologic test includes the ___-___ (_____________) which involves the use of treponemal ________ and test for antibodies in the patients serum.

A

FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed test)..ANTIGENS

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22
Q

Who are the natural hosts of Cyto-Megalo-Virus?

A

HUMANS

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23
Q

CMV can be transmitted _________, within the ______ and commonly within the _______.

A

across the placenta…..birth canal….mothers milk

24
Q

CMV can be transmitted ________ so you will see it in ______ and _____.

A

sexually…semen and cervical secretions

25
What % of adults have CMV antibodies worldwide?
80 freggin %
26
What are the 2 routes of CMV transmission other then sexual and from mom?
Blood transfusion and Organ transplant
27
BIG point: Prevention of CMV spread consists of keeping infants who are shedding the virus in their ______ isolated from other infants, especially in the nursery.
URINE
28
What are the 2 common congenital Heart defects seen in congenital Rubella syndrome?
1.PDA (no not public display of affection) Patent Ductus Arteriosus 2. Cardio-Megaly (because of the PDA!)
29
What are the 2 major components of surfactant?
1.Lec-i-thin 2.Sphingo-Myelin
30
What is the anti-surfactant hormone?
Insulin!
31
What are the 4 PRO-surfactant hormones?
1.Cortisol (a corticosteriod) 2.Thyroxine 3.Prolactin 4.CorticoSteriods
32
What is DES? What is an alternate name?
Di-Ethyl-Stil-best-rol (a synthetic estrogen)...The morning after pill
33
HERE COMES THE BOOM: What are the 5 conditions that DES can cause?
1.Cervical Hood 2.T-Shaped Uterus 3.Infertility 4.Premature labor 5.Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina
34
What drug type (AND the 3 specific drugs of this category) can cause Auditory Nerve Toxicity leading to BILATERAL Deafness?
Amino-Glyco-Sides: 1.Strepto-Mycin 2.Ami-Kac-in 3.To-BRA-mycin
35
What are the 2 complications of using Tetracycline in pregnancy?
1.Permanently Stained (yellow) teeth 2.HYPOplasia of ENAMEL
36
A deficiency of what vitamin is associated with Neural Tube Defects?
Maternal FOLIC ACID (B9) deficiency
37
Anencephaly: The congenital absence of all or part of the brain, a malformation of the _______ end of the neural tube.
anterior...(Anterior Neuropore)
38
Anencephaly: The cranial vault is absent and the cerebral hemispheres are represented by a discoid mass of highly vascularized , poorly differentiated neural tissue called the ___________, which lies on the flattened base of the skull behind two well- formed and normally positioned eyes.
Area Cerebro-vascul-osa
39
Anencephaly: It is more common in _______ and thought to develop at approximately ____ days of gestation.
females..28 days
40
What occurs in 1-5 per 1000 live births and is second only to that of Spina Bifida?
Anencephaly
41
Please NAME and RANK the 4 types of Spina Bifida from Best Case Scenario to WORST case scenario.
Best Case Scenario-->1.Spina Bifida Occulta 2.Spina Bifida w/ Meningocele 3.Spina Bifida w. MeningoMyeloCele 4.WORST CASE SCENARIO: Spina Bifida RACH-IS-CHI-SIS
42
What is a diverticular extension of meninges through a defect in the upper cervical, lumbar or occipital region?
A meningocele
43
In a meningocele, the diverticulum presents as a fluid-filled sac of ________ and _______.
meninges and CSF
44
In a meningocele, the lateral aspects of the sac are characteristically covered by _____, whereas the ____ is usually ulcerated.
skin....APEX
45
What is a diverticulum of malformed CNS tissue and flattened arachnoid extending through a defect in the posterior cranium (occiput)?
A Meningo-Encephalo-Cele!
46
In a meningo-encephalo-cele the constituents are a fluid filled sac of _____ and _____.
meninges and CSF
47
IF the ventricular cistern AS WELL AS the brain and meninges protrude from the unossified gap in the skull, the condition is termed ________-_______-________cele. (VERY RARE..Dr. F has never seen it...and HE's seen it ALL)
meningo-hydro-encephalo-cele
48
What is a more severe case of Spina Bifida where the dura AND the arachnoid, AS WELL AS neural tissue protrudes from the vertebral canal, forming a bulge through the opening?
A Meningo-myelo-cele
49
In a meningo-myelo-cele: A sac covered with skin is visible on the surface, complete with trapped nerve roots, particularly those of the _______ to be trapped in the subcutaneous scar tissue.
cauda equina
50
In a meningo-myelo-cele: The spinal cord appears as a flattened, _______-like structure.
ribbon
51
What is the problem?: The patient manifests clinical defects referable to motor and sensory function in the lower extremities as well as disturbances of bowel and bladder control.
Spina Bifida w. meningo-myelo-cele
52
A ________ Meningocele is when the meninges only protrude through the opening, covered by a skin-lined sac.
Lumbosacral
53
Which two Hyalin Membrane disorders are the direct effect of charged oxygen radicals?
1.Retro-Lental Fibroplasias (blindness) 2.BronchoPulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) (wall thickening)
54
Which heart disorder is associated with Hyaline Membrane Disease in premature births?
PDA (no not Phoenix Dental Arts) Patent Ductus Arteriosus
55
What are the two etiologies of PDA (no not Public Display of Affection) Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
1.Hyaline Membrane Disease in a PreMe 2.Rubella

Clinical Pathology (5 decks)

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