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Clinical Pathology > Exam III-Part I Development Pathologies > Flashcards

Exam III-Part I Development Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

T in TORCH:

A

Toxoplasma

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2
Q

O in TORCH:

A

Syphilis, Varicella, HIV, HBV

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3
Q

R in TORCH:

A

Rubella

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4
Q

C in TORCH:

A

Cyto-mega-lo-virus

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5
Q

H in TORCH:

A

Herpes

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6
Q

Which TORCH teratogens cause intracranial calcifications? (one more so then the other)

A

1.TOXOPLASMA GONDII-the major one 2.Vericella-Zoster

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7
Q

Which TORCH teratogen is associated with Saber Shin?

A

Other: Congential SYPHILIS

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8
Q

Which TORCH teratogen is the most common in the US and A?

A

CYTO-MEGA-LO-VIRUS-“the most common cause of congenital infection in the US”

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9
Q

Which TORCH teratogen resides in CATS as the definitive host?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

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10
Q

Which TORCH teratogens belong to the Herpes family? (3)

A

Herpes (HSV II, Neonatal Herpes), Vericella-Zoster, Cyto-Mega-Lo-Virus

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11
Q

Which TORCH teratogens DO NOT belong to the herpes family? (5)

A

Toxoplasma, Syphilis, Rubella, HIV, HBV

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12
Q

Which TORCH teratogen has BASOPHILIC intra-nuclear INCLUSIONS?

A

Cyto-Megalo-Virus (DEEP PURPLE)

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13
Q

Which TORCH teratogen has Eiosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusions?

A

HERPES: Congenital HERPES Encephalitis..(condry bodies) PINK!

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14
Q

Syphilis: An infected woman can transmit the _______ (type of bacterium) to her fetus after the _____ month of pregnancy. Unless treated promptly, late abortion, stillbirth or multiple fetal abnormalities results.

A

spirochete…3rd month

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15
Q

In _______ and _______ syphilis, a diffuse rash with _____ develops with sloughing of the epithelium of the ____ and _____. These lesions contain multiple _______ (bacteria type).

A

perinatal and infantile…BULLAE…palm and souls…spirochetes

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16
Q

Syphilitic osteoChondritis and periOstisis affects all bones causing _______ deformities and ______.

A

saddle-nose….saber shin

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17
Q

Finally, infantile syphilis causes liver, heart and lung fibrosis due to ______ formation.

A

GUMMA (a type of red/soft lesion)

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18
Q

Late-occurring congenital syphilis is characterized by the TRIAD of ___________, _________ and ___________.

A
  1. Interstitial Keratitis 2.Hutchinson’s Teeth 3.8th Nerve Deafness
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19
Q

Syphilis diagnosis is by identifying spirochetes in early lesions by ______ examination.

A

Darkfield

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20
Q

Syphilis: Serologic test include _____ and ____ (___ ____ ___) detect the presence of _______ to cardiolipin from beef hearts.

A

VDRL and RPR (rapid plasma reagin)….ANTIBODIES

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21
Q

Syphilis: SPECIFIC serologic test includes the ___-___ (_____________) which involves the use of treponemal ________ and test for antibodies in the patients serum.

A

FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed test)..ANTIGENS

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22
Q

Who are the natural hosts of Cyto-Megalo-Virus?

A

HUMANS

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23
Q

CMV can be transmitted _________, within the ______ and commonly within the _______.

A

across the placenta…..birth canal….mothers milk

24
Q

CMV can be transmitted ________ so you will see it in ______ and _____.

A

sexually…semen and cervical secretions

25
Q

What % of adults have CMV antibodies worldwide?

A

80 freggin %

26
Q

What are the 2 routes of CMV transmission other then sexual and from mom?

A

Blood transfusion and Organ transplant

27
Q

BIG point: Prevention of CMV spread consists of keeping infants who are shedding the virus in their ______ isolated from other infants, especially in the nursery.

A

URINE

28
Q

What are the 2 common congenital Heart defects seen in congenital Rubella syndrome?

A

1.PDA (no not public display of affection) Patent Ductus Arteriosus 2. Cardio-Megaly (because of the PDA!)

29
Q

What are the 2 major components of surfactant?

A

1.Lec-i-thin 2.Sphingo-Myelin

30
Q

What is the anti-surfactant hormone?

A

Insulin!

31
Q

What are the 4 PRO-surfactant hormones?

A

1.Cortisol (a corticosteriod) 2.Thyroxine 3.Prolactin 4.CorticoSteriods

32
Q

What is DES? What is an alternate name?

A

Di-Ethyl-Stil-best-rol (a synthetic estrogen)…The morning after pill

33
Q

HERE COMES THE BOOM: What are the 5 conditions that DES can cause?

A

1.Cervical Hood 2.T-Shaped Uterus 3.Infertility 4.Premature labor 5.Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina

34
Q

What drug type (AND the 3 specific drugs of this category) can cause Auditory Nerve Toxicity leading to BILATERAL Deafness?

A

Amino-Glyco-Sides: 1.Strepto-Mycin 2.Ami-Kac-in 3.To-BRA-mycin

35
Q

What are the 2 complications of using Tetracycline in pregnancy?

A

1.Permanently Stained (yellow) teeth 2.HYPOplasia of ENAMEL

36
Q

A deficiency of what vitamin is associated with Neural Tube Defects?

A

Maternal FOLIC ACID (B9) deficiency

37
Q

Anencephaly: The congenital absence of all or part of the brain, a malformation of the _______ end of the neural tube.

A

anterior…(Anterior Neuropore)

38
Q

Anencephaly: The cranial vault is absent and the cerebral hemispheres are represented by a discoid mass of highly vascularized , poorly differentiated neural tissue called the ___________, which lies on the flattened base of the skull behind two well- formed and normally positioned eyes.

A

Area Cerebro-vascul-osa

39
Q

Anencephaly: It is more common in _______ and thought to develop at approximately ____ days of gestation.

A

females..28 days

40
Q

What occurs in 1-5 per 1000 live births and is second only to that of Spina Bifida?

A

Anencephaly

41
Q

Please NAME and RANK the 4 types of Spina Bifida from Best Case Scenario to WORST case scenario.

A

Best Case Scenario–>1.Spina Bifida Occulta 2.Spina Bifida w/ Meningocele 3.Spina Bifida w. MeningoMyeloCele 4.WORST CASE SCENARIO: Spina Bifida RACH-IS-CHI-SIS

42
Q

What is a diverticular extension of meninges through a defect in the upper cervical, lumbar or occipital region?

A

A meningocele

43
Q

In a meningocele, the diverticulum presents as a fluid-filled sac of ________ and _______.

A

meninges and CSF

44
Q

In a meningocele, the lateral aspects of the sac are characteristically covered by _____, whereas the ____ is usually ulcerated.

A

skin….APEX

45
Q

What is a diverticulum of malformed CNS tissue and flattened arachnoid extending through a defect in the posterior cranium (occiput)?

A

A Meningo-Encephalo-Cele!

46
Q

In a meningo-encephalo-cele the constituents are a fluid filled sac of _____ and _____.

A

meninges and CSF

47
Q

IF the ventricular cistern AS WELL AS the brain and meninges protrude from the unossified gap in the skull, the condition is termed ________-_______-________cele. (VERY RARE..Dr. F has never seen it…and HE’s seen it ALL)

A

meningo-hydro-encephalo-cele

48
Q

What is a more severe case of Spina Bifida where the dura AND the arachnoid, AS WELL AS neural tissue protrudes from the vertebral canal, forming a bulge through the opening?

A

A Meningo-myelo-cele

49
Q

In a meningo-myelo-cele: A sac covered with skin is visible on the surface, complete with trapped nerve roots, particularly those of the _______ to be trapped in the subcutaneous scar tissue.

A

cauda equina

50
Q

In a meningo-myelo-cele: The spinal cord appears as a flattened, _______-like structure.

A

ribbon

51
Q

What is the problem?: The patient manifests clinical defects referable to motor and sensory function in the lower extremities as well as disturbances of bowel and bladder control.

A

Spina Bifida w. meningo-myelo-cele

52
Q

A ________ Meningocele is when the meninges only protrude through the opening, covered by a skin-lined sac.

A

Lumbosacral

53
Q

Which two Hyalin Membrane disorders are the direct effect of charged oxygen radicals?

A

1.Retro-Lental Fibroplasias (blindness) 2.BronchoPulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) (wall thickening)

54
Q

Which heart disorder is associated with Hyaline Membrane Disease in premature births?

A

PDA (no not Phoenix Dental Arts) Patent Ductus Arteriosus

55
Q

What are the two etiologies of PDA (no not Public Display of Affection) Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

A

1.Hyaline Membrane Disease in a PreMe 2.Rubella

Clinical Pathology (5 decks)

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