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Medical Biochemistry > Exam III Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Exam III Multiple Choice Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Activation of fatty acids by adding a CoA is necessary for it to be stored as a triacylglycerol but not for oxidation in the mitochondria.
* True
* False

A

false

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2
Q

An individual consuming 1000 mg of cholesterol per day would synthesize ____ of cholesterol in order to maintain the typical 1000 mg cholesterol excertion.
* 0 mg
* 500 mg
* 750 mg
* 1000 mg

A

500mg

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3
Q

The term “free fatty acids” is somewhat of a misnomer because they are bound to _____ in plasma.
* Chylomicrons
* LDLs
* VLDLs
* albumin

A

albumin

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4
Q

TAG synthesis is inhibited by…
* Insulin
* Glycogen phosphorylase
* AMPK
* HMG CoA reductase

A

AMPK

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5
Q

Cholesterol synthesis is covalently inhibited by:
* Cholesterol
* AMPK
* HMG CoA Reductase
* SREBP2

A

AMPK

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6
Q

The following set of reactions is responsible for the synthesis of triacylglycerides. Which of the following lists the enzymes in the correct order?
* AGPAT, DGAT, GPAT, PAP1
* AGPAT, GPAT, DGAT, PAP1
* DGAT, PAP1, AGPAT, GPAT
* GPAT, AGPAT, PAP1, DGAT

A

GPAT, AGPAT, PAP1, DGAT

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7
Q

In the fed state, HMG CoA reductase is _____ phosphorylated compared to the fasted state.
* More
* Less
* No differently

A

less

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8
Q

What is the trivial name of the following fatty acid?
* Oleate
* Arachadonic acid
* Alpha-lineolic acid
* Palmitate

A

palmitate

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9
Q

Statins may cause muscle pain/weakenss because they inhibit the synthesis of byproducts in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, which are typically used to produce CoQ. Thus statins cause decreased ETC flux and ATP formation.
* True
* False

A

true

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10
Q

Once a FA has been transported into the cell, its utilization to synthesize a TAG does NOT require an ATP investment.
* True
* False

A

false

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11
Q

Intracellular fatty acid oxidation requires all of the following EXCEPT:
* Lipoprotein lipase
* Facilitated transport (CD36)
* Acyl-CoA synthetase
* Acyl glycerolphosphate acyltransferase

A

Acyl glycerolphosphate acyltransferase

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12
Q

Which of the following has NOT been shown to decrease blood cholesterol levels?
* Increased dietary fiber
* Statins
* Medically supervised increased B3 intake
* Decreased dietary cholesterol

A

Decreased dietary cholesterol

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13
Q

One way to prevent storage of body fat is to consume a diet that contains little or no fat because if there is no fat being taken in, there is no source of fatty acids with which to synthesize TAGs.
* True
* False

A

false

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14
Q

Malonyl CoA decarboxylase is _____ phosphorylated in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* More
* Less
* No differently

A

more

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15
Q

MAGL is covalently activated by PKA.
* True
* False

A

false

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16
Q

It has been 16 hours since your last meal. All of the following are active except…
* Malonyl CoA decarboxylase
* CPT1
* Acetyl CoA decarboxylase
* All of the above are active

A

Acetyl CoA decarboxylase

17
Q

Some basal level of lipolysis occurs in the fed state.
* True
* False

A

true

18
Q

Acyl-CoA carboxylase is _____ phosphorylated in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* More
* Less
* No differently

A

more

19
Q

Statins are effective for lowering cholesterol due to their ability to sequester bile in the small intestine.
* True
* False

A

false

20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a hormonal activator of lipolysis?
* Glucagon
* Testosterone
* Catecholamines
* Perilipin

A

perilipin

21
Q

It has been 16 hours since your last meal. Compared to 12 hours ago, within cells that contain mitochondria, malonyl CoA levels will be _____.
* Higher
* Lower
* No different

A

lower

22
Q

Malonyl CoA concentrations are _____ in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* Higher
* Lower
* No different

A

lower

23
Q

An individual with a high ratio of beta adrenergic receptors is more prone to increase adiposity and obesity.
* True
* False

A

false

24
Q

AGTL is predominantly bound to CG158 in the fasted state.
* True
* False

A

true

25
Q

Which of the following is the least prominent substrate for ATP production in skeletal muscle 16 hours following a meal?
* Glucose
* VLDL
* TAG/FA from adipose
* Intracellular TAG

A

glucose

26
Q

In order to completely oxidize fatty acids with an odd number of carbons, a 3-carbon molecule (propionyl CoA) will need to be converted to a TCA intermediate. What micronutrient is required for that conversion?
* B1
* B2
* B9
* B12

A

B12

27
Q

Compared to the fed state, perilipin is _____ phosphorylated 14 hours following a meal.
* More
* Less
* No differently

A

less

28
Q

Select all that apply. Insulin inhibits lipolysis by activating which of the following…
* Adenylyl cyclase
* PKA
* Phosphodiesterase
* CGI58
* Protein phosphatase 2

A
  • Phosphodiesterase
  • Protein phosphatase 2
29
Q

HSL is allosterically inhibited by fatty acyl CoA.
* True
* False

A

true

30
Q

The predominant fate of glycerol taken up into the liver during the fasted state is _____.
* TAG synthesis
* Glycolysis
* Glycogenolysis
* Gluconeogenesis

A

gluconeogenesis

31
Q

In skeletal muscle, intracellular TAG stores are more useful during exercise than fasting.
* True
* False

A

true

32
Q

In adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase activity is _____ active in the fed state compared to the fasted state.
* More
* Less
* No differently

A

more

33
Q

Upon graduating from Liberty, you get a job with a pharmaceutical company. You are tasked with developing a drug that will increase fatty acid oxidation. Based on this, which of the following enzymes would be the best to target with a drug in order to increase activity?
* Phosphofructokinase
* Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
* ATP citrate lyase
* Malonyl CoA decarboxylase

A

Malonyl CoA decarboxylase

Medical Biochemistry (4 decks)

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