Exam III Multiple Choice Flashcards
Activation of fatty acids by adding a CoA is necessary for it to be stored as a triacylglycerol but not for oxidation in the mitochondria.
* True
* False
false
An individual consuming 1000 mg of cholesterol per day would synthesize ____ of cholesterol in order to maintain the typical 1000 mg cholesterol excertion.
* 0 mg
* 500 mg
* 750 mg
* 1000 mg
500mg
The term “free fatty acids” is somewhat of a misnomer because they are bound to _____ in plasma.
* Chylomicrons
* LDLs
* VLDLs
* albumin
albumin
TAG synthesis is inhibited by…
* Insulin
* Glycogen phosphorylase
* AMPK
* HMG CoA reductase
AMPK
Cholesterol synthesis is covalently inhibited by:
* Cholesterol
* AMPK
* HMG CoA Reductase
* SREBP2
AMPK
The following set of reactions is responsible for the synthesis of triacylglycerides. Which of the following lists the enzymes in the correct order?
* AGPAT, DGAT, GPAT, PAP1
* AGPAT, GPAT, DGAT, PAP1
* DGAT, PAP1, AGPAT, GPAT
* GPAT, AGPAT, PAP1, DGAT
GPAT, AGPAT, PAP1, DGAT
In the fed state, HMG CoA reductase is _____ phosphorylated compared to the fasted state.
* More
* Less
* No differently
less
What is the trivial name of the following fatty acid?
* Oleate
* Arachadonic acid
* Alpha-lineolic acid
* Palmitate
palmitate
Statins may cause muscle pain/weakenss because they inhibit the synthesis of byproducts in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, which are typically used to produce CoQ. Thus statins cause decreased ETC flux and ATP formation.
* True
* False
true
Once a FA has been transported into the cell, its utilization to synthesize a TAG does NOT require an ATP investment.
* True
* False
false
Intracellular fatty acid oxidation requires all of the following EXCEPT:
* Lipoprotein lipase
* Facilitated transport (CD36)
* Acyl-CoA synthetase
* Acyl glycerolphosphate acyltransferase
Acyl glycerolphosphate acyltransferase
Which of the following has NOT been shown to decrease blood cholesterol levels?
* Increased dietary fiber
* Statins
* Medically supervised increased B3 intake
* Decreased dietary cholesterol
Decreased dietary cholesterol
One way to prevent storage of body fat is to consume a diet that contains little or no fat because if there is no fat being taken in, there is no source of fatty acids with which to synthesize TAGs.
* True
* False
false
Malonyl CoA decarboxylase is _____ phosphorylated in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* More
* Less
* No differently
more
MAGL is covalently activated by PKA.
* True
* False
false
It has been 16 hours since your last meal. All of the following are active except…
* Malonyl CoA decarboxylase
* CPT1
* Acetyl CoA decarboxylase
* All of the above are active
Acetyl CoA decarboxylase
Some basal level of lipolysis occurs in the fed state.
* True
* False
true
Acyl-CoA carboxylase is _____ phosphorylated in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* More
* Less
* No differently
more
Statins are effective for lowering cholesterol due to their ability to sequester bile in the small intestine.
* True
* False
false
Which of the following is NOT a hormonal activator of lipolysis?
* Glucagon
* Testosterone
* Catecholamines
* Perilipin
perilipin
It has been 16 hours since your last meal. Compared to 12 hours ago, within cells that contain mitochondria, malonyl CoA levels will be _____.
* Higher
* Lower
* No different
lower
Malonyl CoA concentrations are _____ in the fasted state compared to the postprandial state.
* Higher
* Lower
* No different
lower
An individual with a high ratio of beta adrenergic receptors is more prone to increase adiposity and obesity.
* True
* False
false
AGTL is predominantly bound to CG158 in the fasted state.
* True
* False
true
Which of the following is the least prominent substrate for ATP production in skeletal muscle 16 hours following a meal?
* Glucose
* VLDL
* TAG/FA from adipose
* Intracellular TAG
glucose
In order to completely oxidize fatty acids with an odd number of carbons, a 3-carbon molecule (propionyl CoA) will need to be converted to a TCA intermediate. What micronutrient is required for that conversion?
* B1
* B2
* B9
* B12
B12
Compared to the fed state, perilipin is _____ phosphorylated 14 hours following a meal.
* More
* Less
* No differently
less
Select all that apply. Insulin inhibits lipolysis by activating which of the following…
* Adenylyl cyclase
* PKA
* Phosphodiesterase
* CGI58
* Protein phosphatase 2
- Phosphodiesterase
- Protein phosphatase 2
HSL is allosterically inhibited by fatty acyl CoA.
* True
* False
true
The predominant fate of glycerol taken up into the liver during the fasted state is _____.
* TAG synthesis
* Glycolysis
* Glycogenolysis
* Gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenesis
In skeletal muscle, intracellular TAG stores are more useful during exercise than fasting.
* True
* False
true
In adipose tissue, lipoprotein lipase activity is _____ active in the fed state compared to the fasted state.
* More
* Less
* No differently
more
Upon graduating from Liberty, you get a job with a pharmaceutical company. You are tasked with developing a drug that will increase fatty acid oxidation. Based on this, which of the following enzymes would be the best to target with a drug in order to increase activity?
* Phosphofructokinase
* Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
* ATP citrate lyase
* Malonyl CoA decarboxylase
Malonyl CoA decarboxylase
