Exam III

Question 1

using a cold modality on spastic muscles of what population cause a decreased muscle tone? (allows muscle to better elongate)

Answer 1

upper motor neuron lesions

Question 2

how does biofeedback work?

Answer 2

device that provides auditory or visual feedback that allows patient to learn how to reduce tension in muscles

Question 3

what is serial casting? what is a population this is use

d in?

Answer 3

(1) application of fiberglass cast is applied to progressively increase ROM
(2) CP; at the ankle a cast is applied to improve dorsiflexion

Question 4

what is dynamic splinting?

Answer 4

an appliance that provides a constant active tension in a single plane of motion

Question 5

how is the intensity determined when implementing mechanical stretching devices?

Answer 5

based on stage of condition, tissue reactivity, and their condition

Question 6

what is a muscle setting exercise? when is it performed?

Answer 6

(1) low-intensity isometric contraction, typically with at a very low intensity
(2) acute stage of healing; help reduce atrophy, reduce pain and increase circulation

Question 7

what are some precautions to resistive exercise?

Answer 7

(1) valsalva manuever
(2) substitute motions
(3) overtraining
(4) DOMS
(5) pathological fracture

Question 8

what are some contraindications to resistive exercise?

Answer 8

(1) pain
(2) inflammation
(3) severe cardiopulmonary disease

Question 9

what is the DeLorme regimen for exercise prescription?

Answer 9

-First determine 10-RM
10 reps @ 50% 10-RM
10 reps @ 75% 10-RM
10 reps @ 100% 10-RM

Question 10

what is the Oxford regimen for exercise prescription?

Answer 10

-First determine 10-RM
10 reps @ 100% 10-RM
10 reps @ 75% 10-RM
10 reps @ 50% 10-RM

Question 11

what is the DARPE for exercise prescription?

Answer 11

Daily adjustable progressive resistive exercises

• First determine 6-RM
  (1) 10 reps @ 50% 6-RM
  (2) 6 reps @ 75% 6-RM
  (3) Max reps @ 100% 6-RM
  (4) Max reps @ 100% 6-RM (adjusted)

Question 12

what is postural control?

Answer 12

ability to control the body in space for the purpose of orientation and stability

Question 13

what is orientation?

Answer 13

ability to maintain the relationship between the body and environment during movement

Question 14

what is stability?

Answer 14

maintaining COM within the BOS

Question 15

what is an example where stability is sacrificed for orientation?

Answer 15

a baseball player making a diving catch; body is oriented towards the ball, sacrificing stability (balance) to complete the catch

Question 16

what is an example where orientation is sacrificed for stability?

Answer 16

walking on a tight rope; body may be poorly oriented with his arms flailing because the main focus is stability (balance) and not falling off the rope

Question 17

what are the 3 components that make up postural control?

Answer 17

(1) task
(2) individual
(3) environment

Question 18

what systems manage postural control?

Answer 18

(1) musculoskeletal
(2) muscle synergies
(3) cognitive resources
(4) cognitive strategies
(5) sensory organization
(6) sensory systems

Question 19

what is the limits of stability?

Answer 19

how far the COM can travel before losing stability; the outermost boundaries a person can sway and maintain stability without changing their BOS

Question 20

what are some factors that can limit a person’s limits of stability?

Answer 20

(1) ROM
(2) strength
(3) environment

Question 21

what is considered optimal alignment?

Answer 21

position that requires the least amount of muscle activity to maintain upright

Question 22

what is reactive balance control?

Answer 22

the ability to regain stability after displacement of the COG

Question 23

what are the 3 reactive movement strategies?

Answer 23

(1) ankle strategy
(2) hip strategy
(3) step strategy

Question 24

how are muscle activated using the ankle strategy? when would this strategy be implemented?

Answer 24

(1) distal to proximal

(2) used to combat small perturbations

Question 25

how are muscle activated using the hip strategy? when would this strategy be implemented?

Answer 25

(1) proximal to distal

(2) used to combat fast, large perturbations AND small perturbations on unstable surfaces

Question 26

when would the step strategy be implemented? (3)

Answer 26

(1) when COM moves beyond the limits of stability (large change in COM)
(2) used with smaller perturbations when ankle and trunk muscles are weak
(3) often used by those with fear of falling

Question 27

what is anticipatory postural control?

Answer 27

CNS pre-programs force based upon demands of the anticipated task; this is adapted to the specific task and environment

Question 28

what are the sensory systems that contribute to postural control? (3)

Answer 28

(1) somatosensory
(2) visual
(3) vestibular