Exam III Flashcards
using a cold modality on spastic muscles of what population cause a decreased muscle tone? (allows muscle to better elongate)
upper motor neuron lesions
how does biofeedback work?
device that provides auditory or visual feedback that allows patient to learn how to reduce tension in muscles
what is serial casting? what is a population this is use
d in?
(1) application of fiberglass cast is applied to progressively increase ROM
(2) CP; at the ankle a cast is applied to improve dorsiflexion
what is dynamic splinting?
an appliance that provides a constant active tension in a single plane of motion
how is the intensity determined when implementing mechanical stretching devices?
based on stage of condition, tissue reactivity, and their condition
what is a muscle setting exercise? when is it performed?
(1) low-intensity isometric contraction, typically with at a very low intensity
(2) acute stage of healing; help reduce atrophy, reduce pain and increase circulation
what are some precautions to resistive exercise?
(1) valsalva manuever
(2) substitute motions
(3) overtraining
(4) DOMS
(5) pathological fracture
what are some contraindications to resistive exercise?
(1) pain
(2) inflammation
(3) severe cardiopulmonary disease
what is the DeLorme regimen for exercise prescription?
-First determine 10-RM
10 reps @ 50% 10-RM
10 reps @ 75% 10-RM
10 reps @ 100% 10-RM
what is the Oxford regimen for exercise prescription?
-First determine 10-RM
10 reps @ 100% 10-RM
10 reps @ 75% 10-RM
10 reps @ 50% 10-RM
what is the DARPE for exercise prescription?
Daily adjustable progressive resistive exercises
- First determine 6-RM
(1) 10 reps @ 50% 6-RM
(2) 6 reps @ 75% 6-RM
(3) Max reps @ 100% 6-RM
(4) Max reps @ 100% 6-RM (adjusted)
what is postural control?
ability to control the body in space for the purpose of orientation and stability
what is orientation?
ability to maintain the relationship between the body and environment during movement
what is stability?
maintaining COM within the BOS
what is an example where stability is sacrificed for orientation?
a baseball player making a diving catch; body is oriented towards the ball, sacrificing stability (balance) to complete the catch
what is an example where orientation is sacrificed for stability?
walking on a tight rope; body may be poorly oriented with his arms flailing because the main focus is stability (balance) and not falling off the rope
what are the 3 components that make up postural control?
(1) task
(2) individual
(3) environment
what systems manage postural control?
(1) musculoskeletal
(2) muscle synergies
(3) cognitive resources
(4) cognitive strategies
(5) sensory organization
(6) sensory systems
what is the limits of stability?
how far the COM can travel before losing stability; the outermost boundaries a person can sway and maintain stability without changing their BOS
what are some factors that can limit a person’s limits of stability?
(1) ROM
(2) strength
(3) environment
what is considered optimal alignment?
position that requires the least amount of muscle activity to maintain upright
what is reactive balance control?
the ability to regain stability after displacement of the COG
what are the 3 reactive movement strategies?
(1) ankle strategy
(2) hip strategy
(3) step strategy
how are muscle activated using the ankle strategy? when would this strategy be implemented?
(1) distal to proximal
(2) used to combat small perturbations
how are muscle activated using the hip strategy? when would this strategy be implemented?
(1) proximal to distal
(2) used to combat fast, large perturbations AND small perturbations on unstable surfaces
when would the step strategy be implemented? (3)
(1) when COM moves beyond the limits of stability (large change in COM)
(2) used with smaller perturbations when ankle and trunk muscles are weak
(3) often used by those with fear of falling
what is anticipatory postural control?
CNS pre-programs force based upon demands of the anticipated task; this is adapted to the specific task and environment
what are the sensory systems that contribute to postural control? (3)
(1) somatosensory
(2) visual
(3) vestibular
