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Movement Science I > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

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1
Q

how would you describe a grade 1 tissue injury?

A

mild pain, swelling, tenderness with stress

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2
Q

how would you describe a grade 2 tissue injury?

A

mdoerate pain, activity must stop, stress and palpation increases pain, torn fibers, increased mobility

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3
Q

how would you describe a grade 3 tissue injury?

A

near or complete avulsion, stress is painless, marked joint instability

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4
Q

when muscle tissue is healing, how do collagen fibers mature?

A

according to the stress placed on it

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5
Q

what are 4 types of injuries that can result in nerve damage?

A

(1) contusions
(2) inflammation
(3) crushing / compression
(4) severing

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6
Q

when can a nerve cell not regenerate?

A

after the nerve cell dies

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7
Q

how long does it take for nerves to heal?

A

depends on how close the injury is to the cell body

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8
Q

how long does the acute (inflammatory) stage of healing last?

A

4-6 days

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9
Q

what are the goals for the acute phase of healing? (2)

A

(1) control pain, edema, and spasm

(2) maintain joint integrity / mobility

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10
Q

what treatment can be provided to a patient in the acute phase of healing? (4)

A

(1) PRICE
(2) pain free passive ROM
(3) active movement of associated areas
(4) grade I and II mobs; soft tissue

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11
Q

what are precautions in the acute phase of healing? (2)

A

(1) increased pain

(2) increased inflammation

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12
Q

what are contraindications in the acute phase of healing?

A

(1) no active ROM
(2) no stretching
(3) no resistance exercise

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13
Q

how long does the subacute (proliferation) stage of healing last?

A

up to 6 weeks

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14
Q

what is the main difference observed between the acute and subacute phases of healing?

A

the injury is starting to improve in subacute; increased fibroblastic activity with decreased inflammation

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15
Q

what are the goals for the subacute phase of healing? (3)

A

(1) promote healing
(2) restore joint / soft tissue mobility
(3) progressively strengthen

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16
Q

what treatment can be provided to a patient in the subacute phase of healing? (4)

A

(1) transition to AROM
(2) watch for signs of inflammation and decreased ROM
(3) grade I and II mobs
(4) no eccentrics early in this phase

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17
Q

how is the subacute phase of healing managed?

A

carefully balancing an appropriate amount of stress to facilitate healing but not over stressing to cause a regression

18
Q

how long does connective tissue respond well to remodeling stress?

A

8-10 weeks

19
Q

what are the goals for the chronic phase of healing? (4)

A

(1) decrease pain from stress on contractures / adhesions
(2) increase muscle strength
(3) increase mobility
(4) progress functional independence

20
Q

how long can chronic management last?

A

12-18 months

21
Q

what is osteoporosis?

A

a systematic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone strength than increases a person’s risk of fracture

22
Q

what is osteopenia?

A

low bone mass (start of osteoporosis)

23
Q

how long are bones immobilized after a fracture?

A

few as 3 weeks for small bones; 8 weeks for larger bones

24
Q

how long does osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity last after a bone has been fractured?

A

up to 2-3 years

25
Q

what can be said about the healing of cartilage?

A

(1) healing is limited and variable

(2) healing depends upon severity and involvement of subchondral bone

26
Q

what are the reps for holten’s curve?

A 
50% - 31+ reps
60% - 25-30 reps
75% - 15-20 reps
80% - 8-12 reps
90% - 4-6 reps
27
Q

what are you targeting for different ranges in holten’s curve?

A 
50% - vascularity, tissue healing, mobilization
60% - coordination / endurance
75% - strength / endurance
80% - strength
90% - strength / power
28
Q

what are 3 ways stress can be manipulated?

A

(1) intensity
(2) time
(3) direction

29
Q

what does stress that is less than maintenance result in? what about stress applied greater than maintenance?

A

(1) less than maintenance = atrophy (decreased tolerance)
(2) at maintenance = no change
(3) more than maintenance = hypertrophy (increased tolerance)

30
Q

what can excess stress to tissues lead to?

A

tissue injury, or tissue death with extremely excessive stress

31
Q

what are 4 factors that affect physical stress and adaptations of tissues?

A

(1) movement / alignment
(2) extrinsic
(3) psychosocial
(4) physiological

32
Q

what muscle is considered the agonist muscle when using PNF stretching?

A

the muscle opposite of the range limiting muscle

33
Q

what muscle is considered the antagonist muscle when using PNF stretching?

A

the range limiting muscle

34
Q

what is the SAID principle?

A

specific adaptation to imposed demands

35
Q

how much mobility does the median nerve have?

A

10mm

36
Q

how much mobility does the ulnar nerve have?

A

8mm

37
Q

how much does a nerve regenerate per day?

A

1mm

38
Q

what is convergence?

A

when tension is placed on a nerve bed; nerve gliding is towards the moving joint

39
Q

what is divergence?

A

when tension is relieved; nerve gliding is away from the moving joint

40
Q

how do you maximally stretch the median nerve?

A

-shoulder girdle depression
-shoulder abduction
-elbow extension
-shoulder external rotation
-supination of the forearm
-wrist, finger, and thumb extension
-contralateral cervical
side flexion

41
Q

how do you maximally stretch the radial nerve?

A

-shoulder girdle depression
-shoulder abduction
-elbow extension
-shoulder internal rotation
-pronation of forearm
-wrist, finger, and thumb flexion
-wrist ulnar deviation
-contralateral cervical
side flexion

42
Q

how do you maximally stretch the ulnar nerve?

A

-shoulder girdle depression
-shoulder abduction
-shoulder external rotation
-elbow flexion
-supination of forearm
-wrist extension
-contralateral cervical
side flexion

Movement Science I (3 decks)

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