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Medical Microbiology > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

What are the Exotoxins of B. anthracis?

A
  1. Lethal Factor
  2. Protective Ag
  3. Edema Factor
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1
Q

What is the capsule of B. anthracis composed of?

A

Poly-D-Glutamic Acid

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2
Q

What are the different forms of anthrax and their target organisms?

A
  1. Cutaneous (humans)
  2. Gastrointestinal (herbivores)
  3. Inhalation (terrorism)
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3
Q

What is a malignant pustule associated with?

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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4
Q

What is “Woolsorter’s Disease” associated with?

A

Inhalation Anthrax

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5
Q

What is the treatment for inhalation or GI Anthrax?

A

Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline

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6
Q

What is the treatment for cutaneous Anthrax?

A

Amoxicillin

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7
Q

Vaccine for B. anthracis

A

Alum precipitate with Protective Ag

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8
Q

What is Volutin and what is it associated with?

A

Polymerized Organic Metaphosphate visualized with Aniline dyes (Methylene Blue)

Corynebacteria

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9
Q

Which organisms are associated with acne?

A

diptheroid bacilli (Corynebacteria)

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10
Q

Which organisms are highly pleomorphic?

A

Corynebacteria diphtheria

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11
Q

How does Corynebacteria diphtheriae acquire the “Tox” gene?

A

Beta-corynephage

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12
Q

What disease forms a psudomembrane?

A

Respiratory diphtheria

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13
Q

What culture media is Corynebacteria diphtheria associated with?

A

Selective Media

  1. Tinsdale medium
  2. Colistin-nalidixic agar
  3. Cysteine-tellurite agar

Nonselective Media
1. Blood Agar

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14
Q

What organism is PCR and the Elek Test (Immunodiffusion) associated with and what do they identify?

A

Corynebacteria diphtheria

Identify diphtheria toxin

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15
Q

Antibiotic treatment for Diphtheria

A

Penicillin or Erythromycin

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16
Q

Vaccine for diphtheria

A

diphteria toxoid in DPT vaccine

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17
Q

What is the Schick test associated with and what is it used for?

A

Corynebacteria diphtheria

Measures neutralizing Abs/antitoxin

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18
Q

What organism are Sulfur granules associated with?

A

Actinomycoses

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19
Q

What organisms are Actiomycetes?

A
  1. Actinomycoses israeli

2. Arachnia propionica

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20
Q

What organisms are Nocardia?

A
  1. Nocardia ateroids
  2. Nocardia brasiliens
  3. Nocardia otitidiscavarium
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21
Q

What is mycetoma associated with?

A

Nocardia

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22
Q

What media does Nocardia grow on?

A

Nonselective bacteria, fungal, and mycobacterial media

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23
Q

What is cord factor associated with?

A
  1. Nocardia

2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

24
Q

What diseases does Nocardia cause?

A
  1. Primary Bronchopulmonary Disease

2. Mycetoma (Primary cutaneous infections)

25
Q

Types of Mycobacterium staining

A
  1. Ziehl Nielsen

2. Truant

26
Q

What stains are used for the Ziehl Neelsen and the Truant respectively?

A

ZN: Carbolfuscin

Truant: Flurochrome dyes (auramine or rhodamine)

27
Q

What is Lowenstein-Jensen Agar associated with?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

28
Q

What is Lupus Vulgaris associated with?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

29
Q

What is the Ghon Complex associated with?

A

Primary Tuberculosis

30
Q

What are the 2 types of materials that the Tuberculin test uses?

A
  1. OT material

2. PPD material

31
Q

Vaccine for TB

A

Bacilli Calmette Guerin Vaccine

Attenuated bovine tubercle bacilli

32
Q

What drugs are used for TB Tx?

A
  1. Isoniazid (INH)
  2. Ethambutol
  3. Pyrazinamide
  4. Rifampin
33
Q

What does INH do?

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

34
Q

What does Rifampin do?

A

Inhibits transcription (inhibits RNA polymerase)

35
Q

What does Ethambutol do?

A

Inhibits arabino-galactan layer synthesis

36
Q

What does Pyrazinamide do?

A

Active against TB bacilli at acid pH

37
Q

Prophylaxis for TB

A
  1. INH
  2. Rifampin
  3. Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol/Levofloxacin
38
Q

What species make up to Mycobacterium avium complex?

A
  1. Mycobacterium avium ss hominesuiss

2. Mycobacterium intercellulare

39
Q

Which organism is associated with a “cigarette packet” morphology?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

40
Q

What is Lepromin and which form of Leprae is reactive to it?

A

Inactivated (killed) M. leprae

Tuberculoid type is reactive

41
Q

Tests for Tuberculoid and Leprematous Leprae

A

Tuberculoid: Specific skin test

Leprematous: Acid-fast stain

42
Q

What organs does M. Leprae commonly invade

A
  1. Liver
  2. Spleen
  3. Kidney (usually)
43
Q

Head and Neck Disease Non-spore anaerobes

A
  1. Fusobacterium nucleatum
  2. Fusobacterium necrophorum
  3. Prevotella melaninogenica
  4. Prevotella intermedia
  5. Porphryomonas gingivalis
  6. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica
44
Q

Intra-Abdominal Disease Non-spore anaerobes

A
  1. Bacteroides fragilis
  2. Bacteroides thetaiotamicron
  3. Prevotella melaninogenica
45
Q

Gynecologic Disease Non-spore anaerobes

A
  1. Bacteroides fragilis
  2. Prevotella disiens
  3. Prevotella bivia
46
Q

Bacteremia disease non-spore anaerobes

A
  1. Bacteroides fragilis
  2. Bacteroides thetaiotamicron
  3. Fusobacterium species
47
Q

Skin and soft tissue disease non-spore anaerobes

A
  1. Bacteroides fragilis
48
Q

What toxin is Enterotoxigenic Diarrheal Disease associated with?

A

Bacteroides fragilis toxin (zinc metalloproteinase toxin)

49
Q

Why is the LPS of the Black-pigmented bacteria and Bacteroides not endotoxic?

A
  1. Lipid A does not have any phosphates on the Glucosamine residues
  2. Decreased amount of Fatty Acids on the amino sugars
50
Q

Abx Tx for the Non-spore Gram -ve Anaerobes

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. Impenem
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Penicillin
51
Q

Which types of C. botulinum are pathogenic and which one is the most pathogenic?

A

A, B, E, F (E is most pathogenic)

52
Q

Antibiotic therapy for C. botulinum

A
  1. Penicillin

2. Metronidazole

53
Q

What organism is associated with a “Drumstick” shape?

A

Clostridium tetani

54
Q

What is Lockjaw associated with?

A

Tetanus

55
Q

Antibiotic therapy for Clostridium tetani

A
  1. Metronidazole

2. Penicillin

56
Q

Vaccine for Tetanus

A

Contains Tetanus Toxoid (Part of DPT vaccine)

57
Q

What is necrotizing enteritis associated with?

A

Beta-toxin of Clostridium perfringens

Medical Microbiology (3 decks)

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