Exam II Flashcards
Chemoprophylaxis for Neisseria menigitidis
- Rifampin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Ceftriaxone
Empiric Tx for Neisseria meningitidis
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
If penicillin-susceptible, switch to penicillin G
Immunoprophylaxis for Neisseria meningitidis
Chemoprophylaxis + Vaccine
Vaccine for serogroups A, C, Y, and W135
*NO Vaccine for serogroup B
Drug of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
What would you use to treat Neisseria gonorrhea with a Chlamydia infection superimposed?
- Azithromycin
2. Doxycycline
Neonate prophylaxis for Neisseria gonorrhea
1% Silver nitrate
Treatment for Opthalmia Neonatorum
Ceftriaxone
Vaccine for Neisseria gonorrhea
No vaccine
What are the different types of Teichoic acid of the Staphylococci and what organisms are they associated with?
- Ribitol teichoic acid with n-acetylglucosamine residues (polysaccharide A, S. aureus)
- Glycerol teichoic acid with glucosyl residues (polysaccharide B, S. epidermidis)
What is a good serological test for S. aureus?
Protein A test
What are the superantigens of Staphyloccoci?
- Enterotoxin
2. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1)
What are predisposing factors for Staphyloccocus infection?
- Injury to the skin
- Prior viral infection
- Leukocyte defects
- Deficient Humoral or CMI
- Foreign Bodies
- Prophylaxis/Tx with Abx that Staph does not respond to
- Misc diseases (DM, CAD, uremia,
Which toxin is food poisoning associated with?
S. aureus Enterotoxin
Which toxin is Toxic Shock Syndrome associated with?
S. aureus TSSt-1
Which toxin is SSSS associated with?
S. aureus Exfoliative toxin
What Antibiotics are used for S. aureus infections?
- Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (synergistic Abx)
- Doxycycline
- Minocycline
- Vancomycin (IV)
What Antibiotics are used for Coagulase -ve Staphyloccocus infections?
- Oxacillin
2. Vancomycin (if strain in oxacillin-resistant)
S. pyogenes (SC and HP)
SC: A
HP: Beta
S. anginosus group (SC and HP)
SC: A, C, F, G, non-groupable
HP: Beta; some alpha or non-hemolytic
S. agalactiae (SC and HP)
SC: B
HP: Beta; some non-hemolytic
S. dysgalactiae (SC and HP)
SC: C, G
HP: Beta
S. bovis (SC and HP)
SC: D
HP: Alpha or non-hemolytic; some Beta
Viridans group (SC and HP)
SC: Non-groupable
HP: Alpha or non-hemolytic
S. pneumoniae (SC and HP)
SC: Non-groupable
HP: Alpha
Which streptococci groups do not possess C-carbohydrate?
- Viridans group
2. S. pneumoniae
What is the T protein associated with?
Strep causing skin infections and ultimately acute glomerulonephritis
What structural components of Strep are associated with Rheumatic Fever?
- C-Carbohydrate
2. Cell Membrane
Which toxins/enzymes of Streptococcus have a medicinal use?
- Streptokinase
- Streptodornase
- Hyaluronidase
Which Strep toxin is associated with Scarlet Fever?
Erythrogenic Toxin
What Antibiotics are used for Strep. pyogenes infections?
- Penicillin V or Amoxicillin
- Oral Cephalosporin or Macrolide for penicillin-allergic pts
- IV Penicillin with Clindamycin for systemic infections
What are the main lab tests for Strep. pneumoniae?
- Catalase -ve
- Optochin susceptibility
- Dissolves in bile
What is the Teichoic acid of Strep. pneumoniae composed of?
Phosphorylcholine (C-polysaccharide)
What are the functions of Strep. pneumoniae pneumolysin?
- Destroy ciliated epithelial cells (bind to chol and create pores)
- Activate classical complement pathway (C3a and C5a)
- Inhibit oxidative burst
What is the typical host response to Strep. pneumoniae?
- C3a and C5a –> inflammation
2. Cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha) from WBCs –> more inflam cell migration, fever, tissue damage
What is the antibiotic of choice for Strep. pneumoniae?
Penicillin
Vaccine for Strep. penumoniae
- 13-valent conjugated vaccine for kids <2 yrs old
3. 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine for Adults
What is the major difference between bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic fever?
Endocarditis: vegetations contain bacteria
Rheumatic fever: sterile vegetations
Vaccine for Strep. agalactiae (Group B)
No vaccine
What antibiotics are used for Strep. aglactiae (Group B) infection?
Penicillin G
