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Medical Microbiology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Chemoprophylaxis for Neisseria menigitidis

A
  1. Rifampin
  2. Ciprofloxacin
  3. Ceftriaxone
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1
Q

Empiric Tx for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime

If penicillin-susceptible, switch to penicillin G

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2
Q

Immunoprophylaxis for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Chemoprophylaxis + Vaccine

Vaccine for serogroups A, C, Y, and W135
*NO Vaccine for serogroup B

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3
Q

Drug of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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4
Q

What would you use to treat Neisseria gonorrhea with a Chlamydia infection superimposed?

A
  1. Azithromycin

2. Doxycycline

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5
Q

Neonate prophylaxis for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

1% Silver nitrate

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6
Q

Treatment for Opthalmia Neonatorum

A

Ceftriaxone

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7
Q

Vaccine for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

No vaccine

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8
Q

What are the different types of Teichoic acid of the Staphylococci and what organisms are they associated with?

A
  1. Ribitol teichoic acid with n-acetylglucosamine residues (polysaccharide A, S. aureus)
  2. Glycerol teichoic acid with glucosyl residues (polysaccharide B, S. epidermidis)
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9
Q

What is a good serological test for S. aureus?

A

Protein A test

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10
Q

What are the superantigens of Staphyloccoci?

A
  1. Enterotoxin

2. Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1)

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11
Q

What are predisposing factors for Staphyloccocus infection?

A
  1. Injury to the skin
  2. Prior viral infection
  3. Leukocyte defects
  4. Deficient Humoral or CMI
  5. Foreign Bodies
  6. Prophylaxis/Tx with Abx that Staph does not respond to
  7. Misc diseases (DM, CAD, uremia,
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12
Q

Which toxin is food poisoning associated with?

A

S. aureus Enterotoxin

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13
Q

Which toxin is Toxic Shock Syndrome associated with?

A

S. aureus TSSt-1

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14
Q

Which toxin is SSSS associated with?

A

S. aureus Exfoliative toxin

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15
Q

What Antibiotics are used for S. aureus infections?

A
  1. Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (synergistic Abx)
  2. Doxycycline
  3. Minocycline
  4. Vancomycin (IV)
16
Q

What Antibiotics are used for Coagulase -ve Staphyloccocus infections?

A
  1. Oxacillin

2. Vancomycin (if strain in oxacillin-resistant)

17
Q

S. pyogenes (SC and HP)

A

SC: A
HP: Beta

18
Q

S. anginosus group (SC and HP)

A

SC: A, C, F, G, non-groupable
HP: Beta; some alpha or non-hemolytic

19
Q

S. agalactiae (SC and HP)

A

SC: B
HP: Beta; some non-hemolytic

20
Q

S. dysgalactiae (SC and HP)

A

SC: C, G
HP: Beta

21
Q

S. bovis (SC and HP)

A

SC: D
HP: Alpha or non-hemolytic; some Beta

22
Q

Viridans group (SC and HP)

A

SC: Non-groupable
HP: Alpha or non-hemolytic

23
Q

S. pneumoniae (SC and HP)

A

SC: Non-groupable
HP: Alpha

24
Q

Which streptococci groups do not possess C-carbohydrate?

A
  1. Viridans group

2. S. pneumoniae

25
Q

What is the T protein associated with?

A

Strep causing skin infections and ultimately acute glomerulonephritis

26
Q

What structural components of Strep are associated with Rheumatic Fever?

A
  1. C-Carbohydrate

2. Cell Membrane

27
Q

Which toxins/enzymes of Streptococcus have a medicinal use?

A
  1. Streptokinase
  2. Streptodornase
  3. Hyaluronidase
28
Q

Which Strep toxin is associated with Scarlet Fever?

A

Erythrogenic Toxin

29
Q

What Antibiotics are used for Strep. pyogenes infections?

A
  1. Penicillin V or Amoxicillin
  2. Oral Cephalosporin or Macrolide for penicillin-allergic pts
  3. IV Penicillin with Clindamycin for systemic infections
30
Q

What are the main lab tests for Strep. pneumoniae?

A
  1. Catalase -ve
  2. Optochin susceptibility
  3. Dissolves in bile
31
Q

What is the Teichoic acid of Strep. pneumoniae composed of?

A

Phosphorylcholine (C-polysaccharide)

32
Q

What are the functions of Strep. pneumoniae pneumolysin?

A
  1. Destroy ciliated epithelial cells (bind to chol and create pores)
  2. Activate classical complement pathway (C3a and C5a)
  3. Inhibit oxidative burst
33
Q

What is the typical host response to Strep. pneumoniae?

A
  1. C3a and C5a –> inflammation

2. Cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha) from WBCs –> more inflam cell migration, fever, tissue damage

34
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice for Strep. pneumoniae?

A

Penicillin

35
Q

Vaccine for Strep. penumoniae

A
  1. 13-valent conjugated vaccine for kids <2 yrs old

3. 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine for Adults

36
Q

What is the major difference between bacterial endocarditis and rheumatic fever?

A

Endocarditis: vegetations contain bacteria

Rheumatic fever: sterile vegetations

37
Q

Vaccine for Strep. agalactiae (Group B)

A

No vaccine

38
Q

What antibiotics are used for Strep. aglactiae (Group B) infection?

A

Penicillin G

Medical Microbiology (3 decks)

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