Exam II Lecture 1 Literature Flashcards
What is the four stepped EBM cycle
Ask Aquire Appraise Apply Assess the patient
What are background questions?
these are broadly worded questions and reflect the need to better understand the problem.
AKA
Who what where why when
What are foreground questions?
These require specific knowledge and include numerous clinical variables.
Example: Is soap water superior to an alcohol based solution in reducing the C diff spores.
What is PICO used for?
Framing clinical questions.
What is PICO
Patient population or problem
Intervention (what u studying)
Comparison (measurement)
Outcomes (accomplishments etc)
What are the two T’s in the PICOTT acronym?
T = Type of question
T = Type of study
What are the four types of foreground questions?
Therapy
Harm
Diagnosis
Prognosis
What are the two top levels of EBM evidence?
Meta-analysis
Systematic Review
These are both level 1.
What are the two level 2 EBM studies?
Randomized controlled trials
Cohort studies
What is the one level 3 EBM study?
Case control studies
What are the two level 4 EBM studies?
Case series and case reports
Animal studies/Lab studies.
What increases as you move lower on the levels of research evidence?
The risk of bias increases while the strength of evidence decreases.
What do cohort studies focus on?
Prognosis, Etiology, Harm
What do randomized control trials focus on?
Therapy
Diagnosis
What are the disadvantages of case reports/case series?
they cannot prove the cause/effect relationship.
No control/comparison group.
