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RUSVM Immunology (Semester 2) > Exam II - B Cell Questions > Flashcards

Exam II - B Cell Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bursa of Fabricious (birds) or Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Which 2 Igs make up the BCRs?

A

IgM, IgD

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3
Q

What is the function of a BCR?

A

To recognize and react to an antigen

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4
Q

What is the life span of most B Cells?

A

Most are short lived. Memory B cells are long-lived

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5
Q

What are the 2 ‘hallmark events’ of B cell development?

A
  1. expression of antigen receptor genes by the immature B cell
  2. functional competence
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6
Q

Which cytokine stimulates B Cell proliferation?

A

IL-7

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7
Q

Which BCR component is expressed on Pre-B cells?

A

IgM heavy chains

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8
Q

Which BCR component is expressed on mature naive B cells?

A

IgD along with IgM

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9
Q

At which step of maturation is functional competence achieved?

A

Full maturation; when B cell expresses both IgM and IgD

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10
Q

Where are B cells found after maturation?

A

Peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues (lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, etc…)

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11
Q

What is the fate of Ag bound to the BCR?

A

the antigen is endocytosed into a phagosome, merges with a lysosome to become a phagolysosome, which digests the antigen so that it can be presented by MHC class II molecules

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12
Q

What is the signal transduction protein associated with the BCR?

A

CD79

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13
Q

Which gene regions encode the lambda and kappa light chain proteins?

A

Chromosome 2 for kappa chain; Chromosome 22 for lambda chain

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14
Q

What is the purpose of somatic gene rearrangement?

A

It results in Ig diversity, and ensures that only B cells will produce immunoglobulins

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15
Q

Which light chain is rearranged 1st?

A

kappa

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16
Q

Which enzymes are responsible for cleaving DNA at recombination requences?

A

Recombinases

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17
Q

What cell types synthesize recombinase?

A

T and B lymphocytes

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18
Q

Which enzymes are responsible for repairing the double strand breaks?

A

DNA repair enzymes

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19
Q

DNA-dependent protein kinase is an example of a:

A

DNA repair enzyme

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20
Q

Which species/breed is known to suffer from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

A

Arabian foals

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21
Q

Which lymphocytes will an animal with SCID be unable to synthesize?

A

T and B lymphocytes

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22
Q

Which receptors constitute the B cell coreceptor complex?

A

CR2, CD19, CD81

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23
Q

The CD21 receptor binds to:

A

C3d

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24
Q

The binding of which receptor and ligand facilitates activation of a B cell?

A

CD40 to CD40L

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25
Q

What can a TH cell secrete to help activate a B cell?

A

IL-2, IL-4, IL-6

26
Q

What cell type do most B cells differentiate into?

A

Plasma cells

27
Q

“terminally differentiated B cells” are also called:

A

plasma cells

28
Q

Where are plasma cells found?

A

extrafollicular sites in peripheral lymphoid organs, and at a few inflammatory sites. Few are found in circulation

29
Q

What is a tumor of plasma cells called?

A

multiple myeloma.

30
Q

How do plasma cell tumors arise?

A

They are the result of a random mutation in a single B cell

31
Q

What kind of Ig does a plasma cell tumor produce?

A

They produce homogenous Ig called Myeloma Protein (M Protein)

32
Q

What is light chain disease?

A

Myeloma in which Ig light chains are produced alone or are predominant

33
Q

What are the consequences of light chain disease?

A

They pass through the glomerulus and are excreted in the urine. They are toxic to renal tubular cells and cause renal failure

34
Q

These are proteins that precipitate when heated to 60oC

A

Bence Jones proteins

35
Q

What is the life span of Bence Jones proteins?

A

These cells survive indefinitely in cell culture

36
Q

Which proteins regulate somatic mutations?

A

Protein antigens

37
Q

What is the net result of affinity maturation?

A

A population of B cells that produce antibodies with significantly higher affinities for antigen

38
Q

What is required for the development of memory B cells?

A

T cell-derived cytokines

39
Q

Which cells to T-independent antigens bind?

A

B cells

40
Q

What is the 1o antibody produced in response to T-independent Ags?

A

IgM

41
Q

What happens to lymphocutes bearing receptors specific for self-peptides?

A

They are deleted at an early stage of development

42
Q

Define mitogen

A

A mitogen is capable of inducing cell division in a high percentage of T or B cells

43
Q

List some examples of T and B cell mitogens

A

Pokeweed, LPS, Protein A, Phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A.

44
Q

How are the properties of mitogens used clinically?

A

To assess the ability of lymphocytes from patients with suspected immunodeficiency

45
Q

Which Ig shows N-region diversity?

A

IgH

TdT is expressed by Pro-B cell only during the stage of IgH gene rearrangement. Therefore, only IgH shows N-region diversity.

46
Q

During which stages are the RAGs expressed?

A

Pro, Pre

47
Q

During which stage(s) is TdT expressed?

A

Just Pro-B

48
Q

What are the progeny of B cells?

A

plasma cells and memory cells

49
Q

What is the surrogate light chain made up of?

A

It is made up of two invariant proteins called VpreB and λ5

50
Q

More than 40% of the total proteins produced by a plasma cell are:

A

antibodies

51
Q

Ensures that one B cell will react with only one antigenic determinant and will produce antibodies to only that antigen:

A

allelic exclusion

52
Q

What are the signal transduction molecules on Pro-B cells?

A

Ig-alpha and Ig-beta

53
Q

What is the most important cytokine for T and B cell development?

A

IL-7

54
Q

If we see IgD expressed on a B cell, at what developmental stage is that B cell?

A

Mature B cell

55
Q

At which stage of B cell development do we no longer see TdT?

A

Precursor B cell

56
Q

Made up of 2 invariant proteins called VpreB and lambda-5:

A

surrogate light chain

57
Q

This is a process that attempts to rescue a self-reactive B cell from undergoing apoptosis:

A

Receptor editing

58
Q

Full maturation of a B cell is signaled by the coexpression of ____ and ____ on the cell surface.

A

Full maturation of a B cell is signaled by the coexpression of IgM and IgD on the cell surface.

59
Q

Where to Helper T cell-B cell interactions occur?

A

at the junction of the cortex and paracortex

60
Q
A

RUSVM Immunology (Semester 2) (8 decks)

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