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Cardiopulmonary > Exam II: 3A Blood vessels > Flashcards

Exam II: 3A Blood vessels Flashcards

0
Q

What do all “plumbing” vessels have in common?

A

They all have an endothelium

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1
Q

What is the path of the “plumbing”

A

Arteries–>Arterioles–?Capillaries–>Venules–>Veins

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2
Q

Which two lack Elastic tissue, & smooth muscle?

A

Capillaries and Venues

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3
Q

Which is the only blood vessel that lacks the Fibrinous tissue?

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Where is the ascending aorta?

A

Between the left ventricle and the aortic arch

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5
Q

Where is the Aortic arch located?

A

The inverted “U” above the heart

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6
Q

Describe the Aorta

A
  • The largest artery in the body

- Divided into 5 sections\

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7
Q

Where is the Descending Aorta located?

A

From the aortic arch to where it divides into the common iliac arteries

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8
Q

Where is the Thoracic Aorta located?

A

The superior portion of the descending aorta above the Diaphragm

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9
Q

Where is the abdominal aorta ?

A

The inferior portion of the descending aorta below the diaphragm.

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10
Q

What makes the aorta DISTENSIBLE?

A

Aortic wall contains a large amount of elastic tissue, which makes it highly distensible.

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11
Q

Under normal conditions where is the BP at its HIGHEST when compared to any other vessel?

A

BP is highest in the ASCENDING AORTA

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12
Q

What is the Windkessel effect?

A

Where the elastic recoil of the aorta helps to “dampen” or “smooth out” the pulsatile flow of blood out of the left ventricle of the heart. \

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13
Q

What is the mythical definition of arteries?

A

Deliver oxygenated blood to the tissues

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14
Q

What is the true definition of arteries?

A
  • Carry blood away from the heart
  • Are thick-walled w/ extensive elastic tissue & smooth muscle
  • Operate under the high pressure in the circulation
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15
Q

What is the anatomy of a Typical Artery?

A 
Tunica intima--> endothelial cells "inner coat" 
Tunica media-->muscles
Tunica externa (adventitia)--> CT(collagen) "outer coat"
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16
Q

Describe Arterioles

A
  • Smaller than arteries
  • Extensive development of smooth muscle
  • Site of the greatest resistance & largest pressure drop in the circulation
17
Q

What is vasoconstriciton?

A

Results from increased smooth muscle contraction and leads to increased resistance & decreased blood flow thru the vessel lumen.

18
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A

Results from increased smooth muscle relaxation & lead to decreased resistance and increased blood flow thru the vessel lumen.

19
Q

What can induce a change in the radius of an artery or arteriole?

A

1) Autonomic nervous system
2) Ciruclating hormones (angiotension II (causes constriction & treats high BP and heart failure), vasopression, etc)
3) Local Vasoactive Substances
4) Other (e.g Temperature)

20
Q

What are capillaries?

A
  • They have the greatest TOTAL cross-sectional & surface area
  • Are the sites of EXCHANGE between tissues & blood
  • Consists of single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina (basement memb) —> very THIN- WALLED
21
Q

What are some characteristics of capillaries?

A
  • Perfusion of capillaries is determined by the activity of arterioles
  • Endothelial cells may have a small pores (fenestrations) betwn them or they may be continuous
22
Q

What are venules?

A

Formed form merged capillaries & then progressively merge themselves to form veins

23
Q

What is the mythical definition of Venules?

What is the true definition?

A

Myth: Carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues

True: Carry blood TOWARDS the HEART

24
Q

How do Venules and veins compare?

A
  • They are think-walled compared to arteries
  • Operated under much LOWER pressures compared to arteries
  • Contain the HIGHEST proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system at any given time
25
Q

What is the anatomy of a Typical Vein?

A

1) Thinner tunica media

w) Presence of venous valves (in some, not all) within the endothelium

26
Q

What is the Vena Cavae?

A

The superior vena cava & inferior vena cava are called the VENA CAVAE.
-Both drain “deoxygenated” blood into the R. Atrium

27
Q

Describe the inferior vena cava?

A
  • Largest vein in the body
  • Begins at the junction of the COMMON ILIAC VEINS

-Travels superiorly alongside the abdominal aorta

28
Q

Where does the Inferior Vena Cava collect blood from?

A

From lower extremities, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity & portions of the thoracic cavity

29
Q

Where does the superior Vena Cava form?

A

Forms from the convergence of the RIGHT and LEFT BRANCHIOCEPHALIC VIENS

30
Q

Where does superior Vena Cava collect blood from?

A

The upper extremities, head & neck

31
Q

What are the major arteries?

A
  1. R. Brachial & L
  2. R. Ulnar & L
  3. R. Radial & L
  4. R. Ulnar & L
  5. R. Axially & L
  6. R. Subclavian & L
  7. R. Common Carotid & L
  8. R. External carotid & L
  9. R. Internal carotid & L
  10. Brachiocephalic trunk
  11. Aortic Arch
  12. Thoracic Aorta
32
Q

Know arteries on the slide 23, and 24

A 
Slide 24:
R. external carotid & L 
R. Internal carotid & L 
Right common carotid & L 
Right subclavian artery & L 
Brachiocephalic trunk
Arch of aorta (Aortic arch)
33
Q

What are the arteries of the upper extremity?

A
  1. Subclavian
  2. Axillary
  3. Brachial
  4. Radial
  5. Ulnar
34
Q

What are the major arteries of the Abdominal Aorta?

A 
R. Femoral & L 
R. Internal Iliac & L
R. External iliac & L
R. Common iliac & L
Inferior Mesenteric 
Right Renal & L
Superior Mesenteric 
Celiac trunk
Common Hepatic 
Splenic artery 
Left Gastric

NOTE: know lecture slide 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,

35
Q

Where does the celiac trunk supply blood to ?

A

Supplies liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, & duodenum

36
Q

Where does the Superior Mesenteric supply blood to?

A

Supplies small intestine and large intestine (colon)

37
Q

Where does the Inferior Mesenteric supply blood to?

A

Supplies large intestine and rectum

38
Q

What are the renal arteries and pelvic arteries/veins?

A

Renal= Right and Left renal Artery & Vein
Pelvic=
1) Left common iliac Artery
2) Left internal iliac Artery
3) Right and Left Femoral Artery and Vein
4) Left and Right External iliac Artery and Vein

39
Q

Know slides 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,

A

Representing Veins

40
Q

Which major veins do we need to know?

A

1) R. Common Iliac vein & L
2) Superior mesenteric Vein
3) Right Renal Vein
4) Interior Mesenteric Vein
5) Splenic Vein
6) Hepatic Portal Vein
7) R. Brachiocephalic Vein & L
8) Left Internal Jugular vein
9) Left external jugular vein

Cardiopulmonary (19 decks)

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