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Pharmacology > Exam I Terms/Definitions > Flashcards

Exam I Terms/Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their interactions with the human body

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2
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical agent that affects a living protoplasm

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3
Q

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)

A

Any response to a drug which is harmful and unintended

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The action of body on the drug

ADME - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the central compartment (systemic system) and extent to which this occurs

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6
Q

Bioavailability

A

Measure of the amount of drug that is BIO AVAILABLE –> i.e., available to exert a systemic effect on the body

In other words:
The fractional extent to which a dose of drug reaches site of action

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7
Q

Cp max

A

Maximum concentration

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8
Q

T max (hrs)

A

Time to achieve maximum concentration after administration

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9
Q

Distribution

A

Following absorption (or systemic administration into bloodstream) when a drug distributes into interstitial and intracellular fluids

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10
Q

Volume of Distribution (Vd)

A

To account for observed initial drug concentrations following drug administration, researchers calculate an “apparent” volume

This is NOT a true physiologic volume

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11
Q

Biotransformation

A

Drug is chemically altered to form a metabolite that is more “excretable” than parent drug

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12
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of a drug or metabolite from the body via an organ

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13
Q

Drug Clearance

A

The volume of blood that is cleared of drug per time

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14
Q

Elimination/Drug Half-Life

A

The time it takes for the concentration of drug to reduce by 50%

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15
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Effects of drug on the body

In vitro and in vivo

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16
Q

Receptor

A

A molecule to which a drug binds to bring about a change in function of the biological system

17
Q

Receptor Site

A

Specific region of receptor molecule to which the drug binds

18
Q

Inert Binding Molecule or Site

A

A molecule to which a drug may bind without changing any function

19
Q

Spare receptor

A

Receptor that does not bind drug when drug concentration is sufficient to produce maximal effect

This is present when Kd > EC50

20
Q

Effector

A

Component that accomplishes the biologic effect and the receptor is activated by an agonist

examples:

  • Channel
  • enzyme molecule
21
Q

Efficacy, maximal efficacy (E max)

A

The maximum effect that can be achieved with a particular drug, REGARDLESS OF DOSE

22
Q

Potency

A

The amount of drug needed to produce a given effect, determined mainly by the affinity of the receptor for the drug and the number of receptors available

23
Q

Graded dose-response curve

A

A graph of increasing response to increasing drug concentration or dose

24
Q

Quantal dose-response curve

A

A graph of the fraction of a population that shows a specific response at progressively increasing doses

25
Q

EC 50

A

The CONCENTRATION that causes 50% of the maximum effect or toxicity

26
Q

ED 50

A

The DOSE that causes 50% of the maximum effect or toxicity

27
Q

TD 50 (or TC 50)

A

The median toxic Dose (Concentration), the dose (concentration) at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases

28
Q

LD 50 (LC 50)

A

The median lethal dose (concentration)

The dose (concentration) required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specific test duration

29
Q

Kd

A

The concentration of drug that binds 50% of the receptors in the system

30
Q

B max

A

Maximal number of receptors bound

31
Q

Partial agonist

A

A drug that binds to its receptor but produces a smaller effect at full dosage than a full agonist

32
Q

Allosteric Agonist

A

A drug that binds to its receptor molecule without interfering with normal agonist binding BUT alters the response to the normal agonist

33
Q

Competitive antagonist

A

A pharmacologic antagonist that can be overcome by increasing the concentration of agonist

34
Q

Irreversible antagonist

A

A pharmacologic antagonist that cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration

35
Q

Physiologic antagonist

A

A drug that counters effects of another by binding to a different receptor and causing opposing effects

36
Q

Chemical antagonist

A

A drug that counters effects of another by binding the agonist drug (not the receptor)

37
Q

Allosteric antagonist

A

A drug that binds to a receptor molecule without interfering with normal agonist binding BUT alters the response to the normal agonist

38
Q

Therapeutic Index (TI)

A

TD 50 : ED 50

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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