Exam I Review Flashcards
Proximal Surfaces ?
Surfaces of the teeth facing toward the adjoining or adjacent teeth in the SAME arch
Axial Surfaces?
Surfaces of teeth that are PARALLEL to the ling axis of the tooth (Mesial, Distal, Facial, Lingual)
Oblique Ridge- Special Case:
what is it classified as?
A “Special Kind” of transverse ridge in that there is a union of the triangular ridge of the DISTOFACIAL cusp & the DISTAL CUSP RIDGE of the mesiolingual cusp
What is a Sulcus?
- Depression of valley or space on surface of tooth BETWEEN 2 RIDGES and/or cusps which the inclines meet at an angle.
- A sulcus is a depression or a space NOT groove
First Evidence of Calcification Schedule of Primary Teeth ?
Maxillary & Mandibular i1, i2, C, m1, m2?
MAXILLARY: i1= 14 weeks i2= 16 weeks C= 17 weeks m1= 15 m2= 19 *******LAST to BEGIN CALCIFICATION
MANDIBULAR: i1= 14 weeks i2= 16 weeks C= 17 weeks m1= 15.5 * m2= 18
Note: 1st evidence has occurred by 20 wks
Exfoliation Schedule of Primary Teeth ?
Maxillary & Mandibular i1, i2, C, m1, m2?
MAXILLARY: i1= 6.5 yrs i2= 7.5 yrs C= 11 yrs m1= 10 yrs m2= 11 yrs
MANDIBULAR: i1= 6.5 yrs i2= 7.5 yrs C= 10.5 yrs m1= 10 yrs m2= 11 yrs
Note: The LAST primary tooth to exfoliate = PRIMARY MAXILLARY 2nd MOLAR (replaced by permanent maxillary 2nd premolar)
Eruption & Emergence of Permanent Teeth:
-Maxillary & Mandibular?
MAXILLARY:
1st MOLAR: 6 years
MANDIBULAR:
1st MOLAR: 6 years
Note: First permanent teeth to erupt
Root Completion Chronology of Permanent Teeth:
-Maxillary & Mandibular?
MAXILLARY:
1st MOLAR: 9 years
***Note: 1st permanent roots to completely form
MANDIBULAR:
-Central: 9 years
-1st MOLAR: 9 years
Note: ALL permanent incisor tooth have formed by 11 yrs old
What is The Tuberculum Intermedium?
- Present on PERMANENT MANDIBULAR MOLARS
- OVERDEVELOPMENT of either the DISTAL CUSP RIDGE of the “mesiolingual cusp” or the MESIAL CUSP RIDGE of the “distolingual cusp”
Describe the Plane of Occlusion?
- Ideal plane is NOT FLAT
- Flat plane ALLOWS for TOO many contacts on MOST POSTERIOR TEETH on BOTH sides of the mouth
- Proper plane of occlusion will permit simultaneous functional contacts to occur in controlled areas of the dental arch
- A curved plane PERMITS MAXIMUM USE of tooth CONTACTS during FUNCTION
- Teeth are strategically positioned in the arches at varied & coordinated DEGREES of INCLINATION (see individual angulation of teeth as they deviate from the vertical)
- **Proximal Contact Areas: Facial Perspective of Mandibular Anterior Teeth
- What is the location of for midline, distal central, mesial of lateral, distal of lateral, mesial of canine, and distal of canine?
- Midline: Incisal third (MOST incisal here)
- Distal of Central: Incisal third
- Mesial of Lateral: Incisal third
- Distal of Lateral: Incisal third
- Mesial of Canine: Incisal third
- Distal of Canine: Middle third
Height of Contour- Mandibular Arch (Greatest Bulge)
*ALL FACIAL SURFACES= 0.5 mm in Cervical Third
*Mandibular ANTERIOR teeth LINGUAL SURFACE amount of contour & location= 0.5mm located in CERVICAL THIRD
*Mandibular 1st PREMOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 0.5mm MIDDLE THIRD
Mandibular 2nd PREMOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 0.75mm MIDDLE THIRD
Mandibular MOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 1mm located in MIDDLE THIRD
Location of Periodontal Fibers:
Names:
- Oblique: RESIST FORCEFUL impaction of a tooth into the alveolus, consisted w/ trauma
- Transeptal fibers: Help maintain CONTIGUOUS PROXIMAL CONTACT
What are Embrasures?
**Embrasure Space can exist, EVEN in situations when there is a DIASTEMA between proximal contact (i.e it is not necessary for the adjoining teeth to physically touch each other in order for the embrasures to be exhibited
**In an IDEAL embrasure construct, EVERY CONTACT area produces *4 embrasures that are continuous & contiguous(LINED UP) w/ each other
Embrasures- Occlusal Viewpoint
-Where are they smaller?
LINGUAL embrasures on MAXILLARY 1st MOLAR are SMALLER than their respective facial embrasures b/c the crown tapers to the facial
Primary vs. Permanent Crowns:
- ENAMEL is relatively THIN & has consistent depth
- Dentin thickness between the pulp chambers & the enamel is LIMITED
- Pulp horns are HIGH & the PULP chambers are proportionately LARGE
- Primary pulp horns protrude HIGHER underneath crown heights b/c their dentin thickness is MINIMAL compared to PERMANENT teeth
Incisal View: Primary MAXILLARY LATERAL incisor
- Crown tapers SLIGHTLY TOWARD LINGUAL surface
- Incisal ridge is CURVED TOWARD FACIAL surface
- DISTOLINGUAL profile is “slightly CONCAVE”
- Lingual Fossa is MODESTLY DEEP
Lingual View: Primary MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR
- **MESIOLINGUAL cusp is the MORE PROMINENT on the LINGUAL SURFACE that the distolingual cusp
- DISTOLINGUAL CUSP, if visible = SMALL
- Lingual developmental groove is INCONSPICUOUS (not much evidence of the groove)
Facial View: Primary MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR
- Extreme Uniqueness*
- Mesial surface outline/contour relatively FLAT
- Proximal contact areas are in the OCCLUSAL PORTION of the MIDDLE THIRD (almost to the junction of the Middle & occlusal thirds)
- MESIOFACIAL CUSP is LARGER & TALLER than the distofacial cusp
- SHORT or INDISTINCT FACIAL DEVELOPMENT GROOVE LOOKS MORE LIKE A DEPRESSION
- CERVICAL LINE “points or dips” apically onto the MESIAL root surface on the MESIAL half of the tooth
- CERVICAL RIDGE = CONVEX in MESIAL HALF, & FADES out onto the DISTOFACIAL cervical third
- MESIAL ROOT = LONGER & MORE STRAIGHT than distal root
Occlusal View- Primary MANDIBULAR 2nd MOLAR
RECTANGULAR OUTLINE & Resembles PERMANENT MAND. 1st MOLAR
*POSSESSES LONG & WINDING central development GROOVE
- DISTINCT MESIAL MARGINAL RIDGE GROOVE
- DISTAL MARGINAL RIDGE HAS A “NOTCH” instead of a groove that splits in into 2
- MESIOFACIAL & DISTOFACIAL development grooves separate the 3 CUSPS
- SINGLE LINGUAL GROOVE separates the mesiolingual & distolingual cusps
- MAJOR MOSSAE include the central fossa, mesial triangular fossa & distal triangular fossa
- Significant TRIANGULAR RIDGES located on EACH cusp but NONE of them MEET to form a TRANSVERSE RIDGE
Supernumerary Teeth:
***MOST COMMON LOCATION in the MANDIBLE for a PERMANENT SUPERNUMERARY TOOTH to exist is the MANDUBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR
Tooth Fusion:
- Arises thru UNION of 2 normally separated tooth germs, depends on stage of development of teeth at time of union
- **May be COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE
- 2 INDEPENDENT pulp chambers & root canals can be seen
- FUSION can also be the UNION of a normal tooth bud to supernumerary tooth germ
- Fusion is COMMONLY seen w/ MAXILLARY 2nd & 3rd MOLARS
- Fusion ALWAYS involves DENTIN!!
Facial Aspect ROOT structure: PERMANENT MAXILLARY CENTRAL Incisor
- OUTLINE of ROOT = CONE SHAPED w/ BLUNT APEX usually located SLIGHTLY DISTAL to center line of the tooth, w/ no root surface development depressions
- EASY TO EXTRACT; can rotate the tooth w/in alveolus w/out root/osseous tissue fracture
Facial Aspect: PERMANENT MAXILLARY LATERAL Incisor
- CROWN LENGTH = 1.0-1.5mm SHORTER than maxillary central incisor
- CROWN WIDTH= 2.0mm less than maxillary central incisor
- **LATERAL incisor LONG & NARROW
*Root APEX typically has a DISTAL CURVATURE associated with it
Distal Aspect: Permanent MAXILLARY LATERAL incisor
- INCISAL RIDGE & ROOT APEX WILL NOT LINED UP w/ each other
* Incisal ridge is CENTERED “ FACIOLINGUALLY” over the crown & main body of the root
Mesial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS
- INCISAL EDGE will be LINGUAL to the FACIOLINGUAL long axis bisector
- ENAMEL on the facial surface will EXTEND APICALLY about 0.5 mm MORE than it does on lingual
Facial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR LATERAL incisor
- Incisal edge is STRAIGHT but it may appear SLANTED TOWARD the “DISTAL”
- Mesial line = SHARP 90 degree angle–Distal more rounded
- Proximal contacts are BOTH within incisal 1/3, distal contact ALWAYS “slightly cervical”
- NOT SYMMETRICAL from FACIAL VIEW, more CURVATURE in the DISTAL crown outline
Distal View: Permanent MANDIBULAR LATERAL Incisor
**Incisal RIDGE is located TOWARD LINGUAL SURFACE when compared to faciolignual long axis bisector that travels thru the root apex.
Facial View: Permanent MAXILLARY CANINE
***CUSP TIP is either in LINE or slightly MESIAL to VERTICAL CENTER of tooth (MESIODISTAL BISECTOR)
- MESIAL CUSPAL RIDGE is SHORTER than distal cuspal ridge
- APCIAL ONE-THIRD of ROOT has DISTAL CURVATURE (or mesial/straight)
Distal View: Permanent MAXILLARY CANINE
**CUSP TIP= ALIGNED w/ ROOT TIP & HEIGHT of CURVATURE of the cervical line
*Pronouced CONCAVITY, CERVICAL to the DISTAL contact area (minimally present on mesial root)
Mesial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR CANINE
**CINGULUM is NOT PRONOUNCED
*ROOT SURFACE DEVELOPMENT DEPRESSION is pronounced & DEEP on the ROOT (gives rise to 2 canals/roots)
Permanent MAXILLARY FIRST PRE-MOLAR– LINGUAL
**Lingual CUSP TIP= LESS pointed and about 1.0 mm SHORTER than the facial cusp
***Lingual CUSP TIP = SLIGHLY MESIAL to the mesiodistal long axis bisector; mesial ridge will be SHORTER than the distal cuspal ridge.
***Characteristic of lingual cusps to “SWING or POINT” to MESIAL
***MESIAL & DISTAL outlines of LINGUAL CUSP = BOTH ARE CONVEX
**SMALL AMOUNT of BOTH MESIAL & DISTAL SURFACE = VISIBLE
Permanent MAXILLARY FIRST PRE-MOLAR–Mesial
***MESIAL CUSPAL RIDGEs of the facial & lingual cusps CONVERGE cervically to meet the facial & lingual segments of mesial marginal ridge (perpendicular) to FL long axis bisector.
- Divided into facial and lingual by MESIAL MARGINAL DEVELOPMENT GROOVE which crosses the ridge from occulusal, extends to mesial.
- Mesial development depression MUST ALWAYS be of concern during restorative/perio TX.
Permanent MAXILLARY 1st PRE-MOLAR– Occlusal
**Crest of lingual segment lingually is DISTINCTLY MESIAL to the mesiodistal bisector of the crown
**Mesial & Distal ridges of facial cusp are IN LINE w/ EACH OTHER but ANGLE across surface. MESIAL END= MORE LINGUAL
**Facial cusp tip is DISTAL to the mesiodistal bisector and 1/3 the distance from the facial outline to the faciolingual bisector of the crown
Permanent MAXILLARY 2nd PRE-MOLAR– Lingual
***Occlusally outline of BOTH cusps is VISIBLE. Tip of lingual cusp is IN-LINE w/ TIP of the facial cusp. EQUAL IN HEIGHT & little more ROUNDED than facial cusp.
***Cuspal ridges of lingual cusp WILL NOT be as HIGH occlusally as facial. PRESENTS the SAME ANGLE of SLANT from tip of cusp.
Permanent MAXILLARY 2nd PRE-MOLAR– Occlusal
- Tooth has MESIAL & DISTAL triangular fossae that are IRREGULARLY SHAPED. NEARER to CENTER OF TOTH
- ***HAS SHORT CENTRAL GROOVE & WIDE MARGINAL RIDGES
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR–Lingual View
- *Lingual cusp has CONSISTENT CINGULUM qualities to the anatomy
- Lingual cusp tip APPROX. 2/3rds the HEIGHT of facial cusp tip
- *A POINTED & CENTERED “LINGUAL” cusp tip is evident
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR–Mesial View
**VERY SHORT & HORIZONTALLY POSITIONED lingual cusp triangular ridge seen
- *CENTRAL GROOVE POSITIONED on “LINGUAL” of crown
- **45 degree angle to crest of mesial marginal ridge
**DISTINCT MESIOLINGUAL GROOVE on “mesiolingual line angle” NOT CONTINUOUS w/ mesiolingual coronal depression
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR–Occlusal View
***Mesial triangular fossa has a mesial groove at the BOTTOM of it that is LINEAR in SHAPE & CONTINUOUS w/ mesiolingual groove
- **AT the BOTTOM of distal triang. fossa is a “COMMA” shaped distal groove
- *CENTRAL GROOVE is LOCATED on “LINGUAL SIDE” of tooth * “BENDS” toward lingual surface
Permanent MANDIBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR–Lingual View
*** 3-cusp variety has 2 LINGUAL cusps w/ a lingual groove between BOTH cusps
***Lingual Groove is distally positioned
***Mesiolingual cusp tip is APPROX. 1.5mm SHORTER than facial tip
***Distolingual tip is 2.0 mm SHORTER than facial tip
Permanent MANDIBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR–Occlusal View
**Right angle connections between CUSPAL RIDGES & ADJACENT MARGINAL RIDGES
***3-cusp variety DOES NOT HABE A TRANSVERSE RIDGE
**CENTRAL GROOVE has “Mesial & Distal component and is LINGUALLY POSITIONED
***one the 3-cusp variety OUTLINE = “Y” SHAPED PATTERN
