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Dental Anatomy > Exam 2 review > Flashcards

Exam 2 review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary dentition?

A

1) Lettered #A-#T beginning with the Primary MAXILLARY RIGHT SECOND MOLAR

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2
Q

What is Positive and Negative Anatomy?

What is formed and constructed first?

A

1) All teeth have combinations of RAISED or CONVEX areas (POSITIVE ANATOMY) and
DEPRESSED or CONCAVE areas (NEGATIVE ANATOMY) .

***The positive anatomy is formed or constructed FIRST, which THEN properly displays the negative anatomy.

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3
Q

What are Triangular Ridges?

  • Each posterior tooth cusp has how many triangular ridges?
  • Where are triangular ridges wider at?
A

1) These RIDGES DESCEND from the tips of the CUPS of ONLY POSTERIOR teeth & travel TOWARD the CENTRAL part of the OCCLUSAL SURFACE

**EACH posterior tooth cusp has ONLY ONE triangular ridge. THEY are WIDER at the BASE than at the cusp tip

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4
Q

Notable Calcification Schedule Points regarding Primary Teeth:

  • When does calcification commence?
  • What is the sequence of first evidence of calcification?
  • When have all primary teeth initiated calcification?
A

1) At about 13-16 weeks in utero, calcification commences
2) At 18-20 weeks in utero, ALL PRIMARY TEETH have INITIATED CALCIFICATION

**First evidence of calcification follows:
First = Incisor
Last= 2nd MOLAR

(incisor> 1st molar> lateral> canine> 2nd molar)

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5
Q

Formation of the DECIDUOUS DENTITION:

  • Where do primary anterior teeth form from?
  • What is not present and evident?
A

1) PRIMARY ANTERIOR TEETH form ONLY a SINGLE CENTER of calcification.
2) NO MAMELONS are PRESENT
3) NO DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSIONS are “evident “

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6
Q

Calcification Chronology Permanent Teeth:

-Which teeth are initiating calcification from birth to one year of age?
-Which teeth are initiating calcification from 2 to 4 years of age?
Which teeth have begun calcification by 9 years of age?

A

1) From BIRTH to ONE YEAR of age, the following permeant teeth are initiating calcification:
1. 1st MOLAR 2. Central incisor 3. Canine 4. Lateral incisor

2) From 2 to 4 YEARS of age, these teeth are initiating calcifications:
1. Premolars 2. Second Molars

3) The 3RD MOLARS have BEGUN CALCIFICATION by 9 YEARS OF AGE

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7
Q

Mammalian Phylogenetic Development: Classification of Cusp Forms

  • What is Haplodont?
  • Triconodont?
  • Tritubercular Molar?
  • Quadritubercular Molar?
A

1) Haplodont: Single cone structure
2) Triconodont: 3 CUPS in a STRAIGHT LINE
3) Tritubercular Molar: 3 CUSPS in a PRIMARY TRIANGLE
4) Quadritubercular Molar: 4 CUSPS in a RECTANGULAR or RHOMBOID FORM

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8
Q

Occlusal Antagonists in the Opposing Arch:

  • What do teeth primarily contact?
  • What are the two exceptions ( which 2 only have one antagonist in the opposing arch?)
A

1) Teeth primary contact their namesakes in the opposing arch
2) MOST TEETH contact ONE additional tooth in the OPPOSING ARCH
* **The MAXILLARY 3RD MOLARS & MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS have ONLY ONE ANTAGONIST in the opposing arch

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9
Q

Measurement of the “Height of Curvature of the Cervical Line” (Mandibular Arch)

  • Which way do the cervical line curve?
  • What is the measurement of the cervical line to the highest point in the middle of the proximal surface?
  • Which teeth have most measurable curvature?
  • Where is the curve the greatest?
  • What is the measurement of the mesial and distal of the mandibular central?
A

1) The cervical line CURVES in a CORONAL direction on the proximal surface
2) The measurement is from the LOWEST point at the cervical line to the HIGHEST point in the middle of the proximal surface
3) The ANTERIOR teeth have the most MEASURABLE curvature
4) The molars have little or NO CURVATURE
5) On an individual tooth, the curvature is ALWAYS GREATEST on the mesial
6) The mesial of the MANDIBULAR CENTRAL is 3.0 mm (LARGEST)
7) The Distal of the MANDIBULAR CENTRAL is 2.0 mm

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10
Q

Circular (Circumferential) Periodontal Fibers:

  • Where are they located?
  • What does it influence?
A

1) Located at the CERVICAL THIRD of the CROWN & ROOT of a tooth
2) Influences the ROTATION of the tooth within an alveolus

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11
Q

Embrasures: Facial Viewpoint-Maxillary Posterior Teeth

  • Where is the largest and smallest embrasure in the maxilla?
  • Where are gingival and incisal/occlusal embrasures evident from?
  • Anterior and posterior teeth?
A

1) Gingival and incisal/occlusal embrasures are evident from a facial viewpoint
2) Above (occlusal to) the contact area:
3) Anterior Teeth: Incisal Embrasure
4) Posterior Teeth: Occlusal Embrasure
5) **Largest= Between Canine & 1st Premolar
6) **Smallest= at the MIDLINE

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12
Q

Tooth Form Generalizations:
-Which potions are generally more developed?
-Which cusps are larger?
-Mesial Marginal ridges are ________ than distal marginal ridges? (What is the exception?)
-Molars taper _____________?
-All teeth taper ____________?
(Except which 2?)

A

1) MESIAL portions of crowns are generally MORE DEVELOPED than the Distal
2) The Mesial cusps are LARGER than distal cups
3) Mesial Marginal RIDGES are USUALLY TALLER than distal marginal ridges (EXCEPTION: Mandibular 1st PREMOLAR)
4) Molars TAPER MESIODISTALLY
5) ALL TEETH taper FACIOLINGUALLY EXCEPT the
a) MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR & the Y-grooved
b) MANDIBULAR SECOND PREMOLAR

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13
Q

Root Positionings & Angulations:
-Describe the Molar roots of primary teeth

-Primary roots are _____________ when compared to crown width and length?

A

1) Molar roots of primary Teeth FLARE markedly & THIN OUT rapidly as the apices are approached
2) Primary roots are NARROW & LONG when compared to crown width and length

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14
Q

“Primary” Mandibular Canines
Facial View

  • How does Mandibular canines compare with maxillary?
  • Crown and root may be how much shorter?
  • Cusp tip is ___________ providing a _____________ distal cuspal ridge than me sail cuspal ridge.
  • Root tip is usually what?
  • Mesial outline of the crown is?
A

1) Similar to form & size of maxillary canine (EXCEPT that the specific anatomy is LESS DEVELOPED)
2) Crown may be 0.5 mm SHORTER and the root 2.0 mms SHORTER than the MAXILLARY CaNINE
3) The CUSP TIP is MESIAL of center, providing a LONGER DISTAL CUSPAL RIDGE than Mesial cuspal ridge (this is opposite of the maxillary canine
4) The ROOT tip usually DOES NOT DISPLAY any CURVATURE
5) The MESIAL outline of the crown is STRAIGHT, while the DISTAL outline is CONVEX

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15
Q

“Primary” Mandibular 1ST Molar
Occlusal View*

  • Crown outline shape is?
  • Mesiofacial line is ?
  • Cusp sizes from largest to smallest?
  • Development grooves include?
  • Major Fossae are?
  • Crown converges to?
  • Does it resemble any other primary or permanent teeth?
A

1) Crown outline = RHOMBOIDAL
2) WIDER MESIODISTALLY than Faciolingually
3) MESIOFACIAL LINE angle is quite PROMINENT

4) CUSP SIZES: (L–>S)
MESIOFACIAL, MESIOLINGUAL, DISTOFACIAL, DISTOLINGUAL

5) Developmental grooves include a LONG CENTRAL developmental GROOVE, a SHORT FACIAL developmental GROOVE, & SHORT LINGUAL developmental GROOVE
6) MAJOR FOSSAE (on surface): *CENTRAL, *MESIAL TRIANGULAR FOSSA, DISTAL TRIANGULAR FOSSA
7) CROWN CONVERGES to the LINGUAL
8) CROWN CONVERGES to the DISTAL
9) It DOES NOT RESEMBLE ANY OTHER PRIMARY OR PERMANENT tooth in the human dentition.

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16
Q

“Primary” Mandibular 2ND Molar
Facial View*

  • Crown from resembles what?
  • Proximal contact areas are?
  • All 5 cusps are visible from?
  • All 3 facial cusps are ?
  • What are 2 facial developmental grooves?
  • The cervical line has a ?
  • What are the 2 roots on the tooth?
  • Mesial root is ?
  • both roots are?
A

1) CROWN form RESEMBLES the PERMANENT MANDIBULAR 1ST MOLAR
2) PROXIMAL CONTACT AREAS are within the MIDDLE THIRD of the crown
3) ALL 5 CUSPS are visible from the FACIAL VIEW
4) ALL 3 FACIAL CUSPS ( MF, DF, and DISTAL) are all close in SAME SIZE
5) There are 2 FACIAL developmental GROOVES (MESIOFACIAL and DISTOFACIAL)
6) The CERVICAL LINE has an apical dip in the area of BIFURCATION
7) THERE are 2 ROOTS on the tooth: MESIAL & DISTAL
8) MESIAL ROOT is LONGER than that the distal root
9) BOTH ROOTS are NARROW MESIODISTALLY & WIDE FACIOLINGUALLY
10) ROOTS are LONG & SLENDER w/ a flare
11) PRIMARY MANDIBULAR 2ND MOLAR is LARGER than the 1ST MOLAR
12) TOOTH is LARGER than its PERMANENT REPLACEMENT (mand. 2nd premolar)

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17
Q

Tetracycline staining of the Teeth:
-Known as what? What does it involve?

  • Structure of teeth is not what?
  • What is it usually caused by?
  • What can be done to eliminate stains?
  • What has little success in eliminating stains?
A

1) KNOWN as INTRINSIC or INTERNAL STAINING of the Teeth, involves primarily DENTIN
2) STRUCTURE of teeth is NOT COMPROMISED by the INTRINSIC STAIN
3) Usually CAUSED by ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY administered during the FORMATIVE STAGES of TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
4) Dental BLEACHING MATERIAL & PROCEDURES have LITTLE SUCCES in eliminating these deep, internal stains
5) MOST often, these patents will have VENEERS or FULL CROWN porcelain restoration to overcome the esthetic problems

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18
Q

Dens-In-Dente
* Maxillary LATERAL Incisor *

  • What is it? What does it involve?
  • How is the enamel affected?
A

1) AKA DENS INVAGINATUS found in PERMANENT TEETH ONLY
- Outer enamel folded inward & Tissue wrapped like a croissant
2) CORONAL & RADICULAR forms EXIST
3) Considered a MALFORMATION of teeth probably resulting from an INFOLDING of the dental papilla during TOOTH DEVELOPMENT
* **PERMANENT MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISORS display this

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19
Q

PERMANENT MAXILLARY CENTRAL Incisor
LINGUAL ASPECT

  • Cervical outline of crown is?
  • Lingual fossa in the incisal crown is described as?
  • lingual fossa is bound by ?
  • lingual fossa is what shape?
  • Cingulum is what? what does it impinge on?
  • The greatest curvature lingually is of the cingulum and crest of the cervical line gingivally will be ?
A

1) CERVICAL outline of crown = MORE APICALLY POSITIONED (away from incisal) than what is seen on the facial aspect (not semicircle as seen on facial surface)
2) LINGUAL FOSSA in the INCISAL 1/2 of the crown surface is DESCRIBED as WIDE, SHALLOW, “DISH-SHAPED” Depression
3) LINGUAL FOSSA is bound by the LINGUO-INCISAL RIDGE, the MESIAL & DISTAL MARGINAL RIDGES & CINGULUM
4) LINGUAL FOSSA = TRAPEZOIDAL in SHAPE
5) CINGULUM is WELL-DEVELOPED in the CERVICAL 1/2 of CROWN & OFTEN has 2 ridge projections that impinge on the LINGUAL FOSSA in the MIDDLE THIRD
6) GREATEST CURVATURE LINGUALLY of the CINGULUM & CREST of the CERVICAL LINE GINGIVALLY will be slightly DISTAL to the Mesiodistal Long Axis Bisector of CROWN

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20
Q

Incisal Aspect Measurements, INcisal Edge & Line AnglesL Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor

  • What is the mesiodistal width?
  • Interproximal areas(greatest curvature medially and distally) are centered?
  • Incisal edge is relatively what?
  • Incisal edge is positioned how?
  • Mesiofacial line angle is more?
A

1) MESIODISTAL WIDTH (8.5mm) is GREATER than the FACIOLINGUAL DIAMETER (7.0mm)
2) INTERPROXIMAL contact areas (GREATEST CURVATURE MESIALLY & DISTALLY) are centered faciolingually
3) INCISAL EDGE (RIDGE) is relatively STRAIGHT & PERPENDICULAR (@ 90 DEGREE ANGLE) to the mesiodistal bisecting plane
4) INCISAL EDGE is POSITIONED PARALLEL to the Faciolingual Bisecting Plane
5) MESIOFACIAL LINE ANGLE is MORE DEVELOPLED than the DISTOFACIAL line angle

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21
Q

Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Incisal Aspect

  • Crown wider where?
  • Incisal ridge is centered where?
  • Incisal ridge crosses what ?
  • facial outline is more what? Mesiofacial & distofacial line is more?
  • Lingual crown outline converges?
  • Crest of the lingual outline of the cingulum will be ?
  • all cinguli on the anterior teeth will?
A

1) CROWN is WIDER MESIODISTALLY (6.5 mm) than it is FACIOLINUGLALY (6.0 mm)
2) INCISAL RIDGE is CENTERD FACIOLINGUALLY
3) INCISAL RIDGE CROSSES approx. MIDWAY between the FACIAL & LINGUAL outline; USUALLY shows some CURVATURE w/ the CONVEXITY toward the facial
4) FACIAL outline is MORE CONVEX than that of the MAXILLARY CENTRAL Incisor & the MESIOFACIAL & DISTOFACIAL LINE angles are more ROUNDED and LESS prominent
5) LINGUAL CROWN outline converges SHARPLY toward the lingual
6) CREST of the lingual outline of the CINGULUM will be slightly to the DISTAL of the MESIODISTAL BISECTOR
7) ALL CINGULI on the ANTERIOR Teeth INCLINE or POINT or are oriented slightly TOWARD the DISTAL

22
Q

Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors
Incisal View

  • The faciolingual diameter is ___________ than the mesiodistal width?
  • Greatest curvature medially & distally is ?
  • Incisal ridge runs ________ across the tooth ? What is it parallel to ?
  • Mesiofacial & distofacial line angles are __________? than those of a maxillary lateral? why?
  • Crest of the cingulum lingually is usually?
  • Outline of the mandibular central incisor crown from the incisal view is ?
A

1) The faciolingual diameter is GREATER than the MESIODISTAL WIDTH
2) GREATEST CURVATURE Mesially & Distally (proximal contact) are EQUIDISTANT between the FACIAL & LINGUAL OUTLINES
3) Incisal ridge runs STRAIGHT ACROSS the Tooth MESIODISTALLY PARALLEL to but slightly LINGUAL to the Faciolingual Bisector of crown
4) MESIOFACIAL & DISTOFACIAL LINE angles are MORE DISTINCT (less rounded) than those of a maxillary lateral incisor because of the relative FLATNESS of the INCISAL 1/3 of the FACIAL surface
5) CREST of the CINGULUM LINGUALLY is usually slightly to the DISTAL of the MESIODISTAL BISECTOR of crown
6) OUTLINE of the MANDIBULAR CENTRAL incisor crown from the incisal view is BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL

23
Q

Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors
LINGUAL VIEW

  • Lingual outline is ? What is the exception?
  • Anatomical feature are Not as ___________as they are on maxillary incisors ?
  • Lingual fossa is what shaped?
  • Cingulum is ?
  • Root has _____ tooth structure on what aspect?
  • One the lingual surface what is not present?
A

1) EXCEPT for the LINGUAL SURFACE ANATOMY, the LINGUAL outline is REVERSE image of the FACIAL OUTLINE
2) ANATOMICAL FEATURES are NOT as PROMINENT as they are on MAXILLARY incisors
3) The LINGUAL FOSSA = TRAPEZOIDAL SHAPE, SHALLOW & limited to primarily the incisal 1/2 of crown
4) CINGULUM is ROUNDED & SMOOTH and NOT well DELINEATED
5) ROOT has LESS tooth structure on the LINGUAL aspect, than on the FACIAL aspect
6) NO ROOT SURFACE DEPRESSION is present on the LINGUAL surface

24
Q

Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors

  • Distal View*
  • From the distal aspect mesial marginal ridge Cannot be what?
  • Cervical line curves less toward the ?
  • Root outline and depression is similar to what?
  • Apex of root will be in line with?
  • Incisal ridge is slightly toward what surface?
A

1) From the dISTAL ASPECT, MESIAL marginal ridge CANNOT be SEEN protruding to the lingual as it is HIDDEN by the outline of the DITAL marginal ridge.
2) CERVICAL LINE CURVES LESS TOWARD the INCISAL than on the mesial, with the CREST of the CURVATURE located slightly on the LINGUAL portion
3) ROOT outline and depression are similar to that of distal surface of root of mand. CENTRAL Incisor
4) **APEX of ROOT will be in line with FACIOLINGUAL Long Axis Bisector
5) **Incisal ridge is slightly toward LINGUAL surface when compared to FL Long Axis Bisector

25
Q

Permanent Maxillary Canine (Attributes)

-What are the 5 attributes?
shape, anatomy, facial aspect, and roots

A

1) EXTREMELY important to a patients’s SMILE & overall ESTHETIC appearance- practitioners should consider esthetic result of a patent that is missing permanent max canine
2) Possesses VERY CONSISTENT & well-developed ANATOMY
3) SELDON has a BIFURCATED ROOT
4) From FACIAL aspect, the CROWN has a decidedly TRAPEZOIDAL- SHAPED FORM
5) LONG ROOTS w/ ROOT SURFACE DEPRESSIONS make this tooth exceptionally difficult to REMOVE

26
Q

Permanent Mandibular Canine
*Lingual View

  • All cornonal anatomical structures are?
  • Lingual crown surface is ?
  • Lingual ridge is present that travels from the ?
  • Cingulum is much less what?
  • Describe the Mesial & Distal marginal ridges?
  • What are the two fossae? Describe them
A

1) All coronal anatomical structure are present just like on max canine but are LESS developed & less distant
2) **Lingual crown surface is SMOOTHER & LACKING SHARP ANATOMICAL CRESTS than then maxillary canine
3) LINGUAL ridge is present that travels from the CUSP tip to the CINGULUM
4) CINGULUM is much LESS DEVELOPED than on the maxillary canine
5) Mesial & Distal marginal ridges are LONG, FLAT, and THIN
6) Mesiolingual & Distolingual Fossa are SHALLOW in depth

27
Q

Permanent Mandibular Canine (KEY POINTS)

  • Posses the greatest what?
  • cervicoincisal crown length is the greatest of ?
  • Mesial crown & root surfaces are orientated?
  • From proximal view the crown and root outlines what?
  • Cusp tup and cup ridges are what?
  • Mesiolingual and distolingual fossae both have what?
A

1) POSSESSES the GREATEST (along w/ the max canine) OVERLL tooth LENGTH
2) HAS LONGEST ROOT LENGTH of any Mandibular tooth
3) CERVICOINCISAL CROWN LENGTH is the GREATEST of any tooth
4) MESIAL CROWN & ROOT surfaces are oriented in a STRAIGHT line
5) From PROXIMAL VEW, FACIAL CROWN & ROOT outlines give rise to a “C” shape
6) CUSP TIP & CUSP RIDGES are LINGUAL to the FACIOLINGUAL Bisector (this feature shared with all mandibular anterior teeth incisal ridges)
7) Mesiolingual & Distolingual fossae BOTH have DISTINCTIVE anatomical boundaries
8) Mandibular canines display ANATOMY that is LESS DEVELOPED than maxillary canines

28
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST Premolar
Mesial

-Mesial proximal contact area is located where?

A

1) MESIAL PROXIMAL Contact area is located just CERVICAL to the FACIAL SEGMENT of the MESIAL MARGINAL ridge, FACIAL to the Mesial Marginal Developmental Groove

29
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST Premolar
Occlusal

-Where are the medial and distal triangular fossae?

A

1) The MESIAL and DISTAL TRIANGULAR FOSSAE are FAR-APART and CLOSE to the mesial & distal occlusal outlines

30
Q

Permanent Maxillary 2ND Premolar
Occlusal

  • The triangular ridges are approx what length?
  • There will rarely be a true continuous what?
A

1) The TRIANGULAR RIDGES are approx. the SAME LENGTH and the point at which they meet is located slightly LINGUAL to the FACIOLINGUAL Bisector of Crown.
2) Rarely will there be a TRUE continuous TRANSVERSE ridge since the 2 TRIANGULAR RIDGES are separated by a “CENTRAL GROOVE”

31
Q

Permanent Mandibular 1ST Premolar
Mesial View

  • lingual cusp is not what?
  • Lingual cusp tip actually what?
A

1) Lingual cusp tip is NOT supported by the ROOT STRUCTURE.

* *The LINGUAL CUSP TIP actually is MORE LINGUALLY positioned than the confines of the lingual root surface

32
Q

Permanent Mandibular 1ST Premolar
Occlusal View

-Mesial triangular fossa has a what? continuous with what?

A

1) The MESIAL TRIANGULAR FOSSA has a MESIAL GROOVE at the BOOTM of it that is LINEAR in SHAPE & is CONTINUOUS w/ the MESIOLINGUAL GROOVE

33
Q

Permanent MANDIBULAR 2ND Premolar

  • **Occlusal View ***
  • It is square or five-sided?
A

1) The EXTERNAL OCCLUSAL OUTLINE geometric shape can be either SQUARE or FIVE-SIDED (pentagonal), depending on whether the outline of the facial ridge is utilized in the diagram

34
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST MOLARS:
Lingual Aspect

-Mesial cuspal ridge of the mesiolingual cusp meets ?

A

1) The MESIAL CUSPAL ridge of the MESIOLINGUAL CUSP meets the relatively STRIAGHT MESIAL outline of the CROWN at a 90 DEGREE RIGHT ANGLE

35
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST MOLARS:
Distal Aspect

Outline of the lingual root will be?
-Apex of the lingual root is what?

A

1) Outline of the LINGUAL (PALATAL) ROOT will be similar to that seen from a MESIAL VIEW (BANANA SHAPED)
2) APEX of the LINGUAL ROOT is VERTICALLY positioned between the GREATEST LINGUAL CONTOUR of the CROWN and the TIP of the DISTOLINGUAL CUSP

36
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

  • Low point of the oblique ridge is what?
  • What is the groove between these ridges called?
A

1) LOW POINT of the OBLIQUE RIDGE is at the SAME level as the depth of the mesial and distal marginal ridges.
- This is where the 2 RIDGES meet & the GROOVE between these ridges is called the TRANSVERSE GROOVE of the OBLIQUE RIDGE

37
Q

Permanent Maxillary 2ND MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-Where is the distolingual cusp placed?

A

1) The DISTOLINGUAL CUSP is the MOST LINGUALLY and DISTALLY placed cusp

38
Q

Permanent Maxillary 2ND MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-The distal oblique groove extend where?

A

1) The DISTAL OBLIQUE GROOVE extends from the DISTAL TRIANGULAR PIT in a LINGUAL direction PARALLEL to the oblique ridge and continues onto the lingual surface as the “lingual groove”

39
Q

Permanent Mandibular 1ST MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-the facial half of the crown is much?

A

1) The FACIAL HALF of the CROWN is much WIDER than LINGUAL HALF, bc of the 3 FACIAL CUSPS

40
Q

Permanent Mandibular 1ST MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-The central groove runs where?

A

1) The CENTRAL GROOVE runs MESIODISTALLY in a IRREGULAR direction across the Occlusal surface from the MESIAL TRIANGULAR PIT THRU the CENTRAL FOSSA to the DISTAL TRIANGULAR PIT

41
Q

Permanent Mandibular 1ST MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-The lingual groove starts where?

A

1) The LINGUAL GROOVE starts in the CENTRAL PIT & travels minimally over to the Lingual Surface

42
Q

Permanent Mandibular 2ND MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

-The greatest faciolingual measurement is in the ?

A

1) GREATEST FACIOLINGUAL measurement is in the MESIAL half of crown bc the CERVICAL RIDGE is MORE PROMINENT on the MESIOFACIAL cusp

43
Q

Permanent Mandibular 2ND MOLARS:
Occlusal Aspect

  • Where does the Facial groove & Lingual groove meet?
  • What does these 3 groove present ?
A

1) The FACIAL GROOVE & the LINGUAL GROOVE MEET the CENTRAL groove @ RIGHT ANGLES dividing the occlusal surface into MESIAL and DISTAL halves.
2) These 3 MAJOR GROOVES present a structure which is said to be a “+” or “cross” design or even a 4+ arrangement bc there are 4 cusps of approx. EQUAL SIZE w/ a “+” sign dividing them

44
Q

What are the 4 Characteristics of the Pulp Cavity?

When will it decrease?

A

1) A “closed” system
2) It is primarily soft tissue
3) A living, responding tissue
4) Young Vs. Old Pulp Chambers
* **Pulp chamber will DECREASE w/ advancing age

45
Q

Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors:

  • The pump chamber is what on the facial aspect?
  • There is how many pulp horns in the pulp chamber?
  • Each pulp horn has what?
  • Central incisor has how many roots and canals?
  • The incisal view of the cervical cross section of the central incisor displays what?
  • The pump canal has a what outline?
A

1) Pump chamber is WIDER on the FACIAL aspect then on Lingual aspect, in CERVICAL CROSS-SECTION
2) There are 3 distinct pulp horns in the Pulp chamber
3) EACH PULP HORN is underneath a SEPARATE LOBE
4) Central incisor has ONE ROOT w/ one canal in NEARLY 100 % of samples
5) Incisal View of the cervical cross section of the central incisor displays a TRIANGULAR-SHAPED CHAMBER
6) The Pulp Canal has a rounded outline in the MID-ROOT cross section

46
Q

Maxillary 1st PREMOLAR:

  • What are the percentages for the internal & root anatomy?
  • 2 canals?
  • 1 canal?
  • 2 roots?
  • 1 root?
  • 2 roots?
  • 3 roots?
A

1) Internal anatomy of the maxillary first premolar is SIMILAR to the PERMANENT MAXILLARY CANINE
2) Tooth has 2 pulp canals, 2 ROOTS and 2 PULP HORNS
3) FACIAL Pulp Horn is TALLER than the Lingual pulp horn
4) FACIAL portion of the PULP has a LARGER Faciolingual measurement than the lingual portion of the pulp
5) There is a CRESCENT-SHAPED Outline to the Pulp canal in Cervical and Mid-root cross sections

*********6) Percentage freq.. of various internal & root anatomy is:
2 canals = 83%
1 canal= 12%
3 canals= 2%
2 ROOTS= 75%
1 ROOT = 23%
3 ROOTS= 2%
47
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST MOLAR:

-Mesial root percentages for 2 or more and 1 canal is?

–Distal root percentages for 2 or more and 1 canal is?

-Lingual root percentages for 2 or more and 1 canal is?

-Other Pertinent percentages?
3 roots?
2 roots?
Fusion of any 2 or 3 roots?

A

1) Mesiofacial ROOT Percentages:
2 or more CANALS= 59.2 %
1 CANAL= 40.8%

2) Distofacial ROOT Percentages:
1 canal= 98.3%
2 or more canals= 1.7%

3) Lingual Root Percentages:
1 Canal= 99%
2 or more Canals= 1%

4) Other “Pertinent” percentages:
3 Roots = 95.9%
2 Roots= 3.9%
Fusion of any 2 or 3 roots= 5.2 %

48
Q

Permanent “Mandibular” 1ST MOLAR:

  • Two roots are seen _________ of the time?
  • 3 roots are seen ___________ of the time?
  • Mesial root percentages for 2 or more and 1 canal is?
  • Distal root percentages for 2 or more and 1 canal is?
A
  • 1) 2 ROOTS are seen in 90% of SAMPLES
    2) 3 ROOTS are seen 10% of the time

2) “Mesial” Root percentages:
- 2 or more canals= 95.7%
- 1 Canal= 4.3%

3) “Distal” root percentages=
-1 canal= 68.4%
2 or more canals= 31.6%

49
Q

Permanent Maxillary 1ST MOLAR: Pulp Canal Orifice Outline

-Where is the longest and shortest line between?

A

1) The LONGEST LINE is between the MESIOFACIAL & LINGUAL Orifices
2) The SHORTEST LINE is between the MESIOFACIAL & DISTOFACIAL Orifices

50
Q

Coronal Vs. Radicular Dentin:

Where will you see more curvature?

A

1) Primary curvature of the Dentinal Tubules DECREASES in the ROOT Structure

***NOTE: You will see MORE curvature on the CROWN than the root!

Dental Anatomy (6 decks)

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