EXAM I Examination of the Mouth and Other Relevant Structures; Radiographic Technique Flashcards
when should a child first see the dentist? when is the goal for a child having a dental home?
- within 6 months of the eruption of their first tooth (usually by age 1)
- goal for a dental home is by age 1
what is the most common chronic childhood disease?
tooth decay
5x more comon than asthma
4x more common than early childhood obesity
20x more common than diabetes
is demineralization more common on maxillary or mandibular teeth? why?
maxillary teeth, mostly due to protection of the mandibular teeth by the tongue and pooling of saliva
what is an eruption hematoma? what is the treatment?
- as a tooth erupts through the gingiva, it can cause a blood blister below the tissue
- no treatment, other than teething exercises
what is the eruption/shedding sequence/timing of deciduous teeth?
(sequence is more important for class rather than dates)
is it an issue if a child’s teeth are erupting late?
no
how many high risk factors are needed to make someone a high-risk candidate for caries?
one
___ is described as exposing patients to ionizing radiation only if there is no other way to obtain the diagnostic information or if this exposure will psotiively influence the diagnosis, treatment, and patient’s health
justification principle
___ is described as always keeping the radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable
limitation principle
___ is described as obtaining the best quality images possible
optimization principle
___ is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. the process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division
carcinogenesis
___ is the development of physical defects in an embryo
teratogenesis
___ is the process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed, resulting in a mutation
mutagenesis
what 3 things are children at risk for developing as a result of too much radiation?
carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, and mutagenesis
the estimated risks of developing a fatal cancer as a result of diagnostic radiographs for children under 10 years old has what multiplication factor? what about age 10-20?
- <10 = 3x
- 10-20 = 2x
- risk decreases with age
when is a good time to take a panoramic film?
around age 6-8, just as a screening measure to rule out pathology, then again around 12, then again as needed if the patient is being evaluated for orthodontics
not necessary to take one every year
___ is the process of providing practical, developmentally-appropriate information about children’s health to prepare parents for the significant physical, emotional, and psychological milestones
anticipatory guidance
are avulsions (luxation) or crown/root fractures more common in children who fall?
avulsions
what are biological factors that put children at high caries risk?
- mother/primary caregiver has active caries
- parent/caregiver has low socioeconomic status
- child has >3 between meal sugar-containing snacks or beverages per day
- child is put to bed with a bottle containing natural or added sugar
what are biological factors that put children at moderate caries risk?
- child has special health care needs
- child is a recent immigrant
what are protective factors that put children at low caries risk?
- child receives optimally-fluoridated drinking water or fluoride supplements
- child has teeth brushed daily with fluoridated toothpaste
- child receives topical fluoride from health professional
- child has dental home/regular dental care
what are clinical findings that put children at high caries risk?
- child has >1 decayed/missing/filled surfaces
- child has active white spot lesions or enamel defects
- child has elevated mutans streptococci levels
what are clinical findings that put children at moderate caries risk?
child has plaque on teeth
in addition to the typical examination components of a 6-24 month old, what components are added in the examination of children 3-12 years old?
- assessment and treatment of developing malocclusion
- assessment for pit and fissure sealants
in addition to the typical examination components of a child <12 years old, what components are added in the examination of children >12 years old?
- substance abuse counseling
- counseling for intraoral/perioral piercing
- assessment and/or removal of third molars
- transition to adult dental care
when should perio screening be initiated in children?
following the eruption of permanent incisors and first molars
what are common radiographs taken for dento-alveolar trauma affecting maxillary incisors? what about evaluating a possible mandibular fracture?
- maxillary incisor trauma - PA and occlusal radiographs
- mandibular fracture - pano, possibly consider a CBCT
what are useful radiographs for special needs patients?
lateral oblique and occlusal radiographs
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a new patient with primary dentition only?
- individualized
- open contacts and no evidence of decay - no radiographs required
- proximal contacts and/or evidence of decay will need radiographs
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a new patient with transitional dentition?
- individualized
- posterio BWX, pano, PA
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a new patient with permanent dentition (adolescent)?
- individualized
- BWX, pano, PA
- if generalized evidence of decay, or history of extensive treatment - FMX
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a recall patient with clinical caries, with primary dentition only? what about transitional dentition? permanent dentition (adolescent)?
- BWX at 6-12 month intervals if proximal surfaces can’t be seen
- same for all
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a recall patient with no clinical caries, is not at increased risk for caries, and has primary dentition only?
BWX at 12-24 month intervals if proximal surfaces can’t be seen
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a recall patient with no clinical caries, is not at increased risk for caries, and has transitional dentition?
BWX at 12-24 month intervals if proximal surfaces can’t be seen
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a recall patient with no clinical caries, is not at increased risk for caries, and has permanent dentition (adolescent)?
BWX at 18-36 month intervals
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for a recall patient with perio who has primary dentition only? transitional dentition? permanent dentition (adolescent)?
clinical judgement
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for monitoring of growth and development in a child with primary dentition only?
clinical judgement
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for monitoring of growth and development in a child with transitional dentition?
clinical judgement
what are the guidelines for prescribing radiographs for monitoring of growth and development in a child with permanent dentition (adolescent)?
clinical judgement, plus pano and/or PA to assess developing 3rd molars
