EXAM I Eruption of Teeth

Question 1

a variety of developmental defects that are evident after eruption can be related to systemic and local factors that influence ___ and ___

Answer 1

matrix formation and the calcification process

Question 2

tooth eruption is influenced by which hormones?

Answer 2

• growth hormone
• thyroid hormone
• parathyroid hormone-related protein
• deficiency in any of these can cause a delay in tooth eruption

Question 3

in terms of tooth development, when do teeth start to move toward occlusion?

Answer 3

at approximately the time of crown completion

Question 4

for permanent teeth, what is the interval from crown completion and the beginning of eruption until the tooth is in full occlusion?

Answer 4

approximately 5 years

Question 5

do teeth typically reach occlusion before or after root development is complete?

Answer 5

before

Question 6

is tooth eruption more closely associated with the stage of root formation or with the chronologic/skeletal age of the child?

Answer 6

stage of root formation

Question 7

what is the most common eruption sequence of mandibular permanent teeth? what about maxillary?

Answer 7

• mandibular: 1M, CI, LI, C, 1P, 2P, 2M
• maxillary: 1M, CI, LI, 1P, 2P, C, 2M

Question 8

what is the most commonly encountered deviation from normal eruption time?

Answer 8

delayed tooth eruption (vs. premature eruption)

Question 9

what is the relationship between primary eruption time and permanent eruption time?

Answer 9

• the earlier primary teeth erupt, the earlier permanent teeth will erupt, and vice versa
• this is not always the case

Question 10

does it matter how fast or slow primary teeth are lost?

Answer 10

• if a patient is older when they get their permanent teeth (aka older when they lose primary teeth), they are more likely to take better care of them
• possible eruption issues or issues with jaw development
• may not have problems at all

Question 11

what is the influence of premature loss of primary molars on eruption time of their successors?

Answer 11

• primary molars lost before age 4-5 = delayed premolar eruption
• primary molars extracted after age 5 = decrease in delay of premolar eruption
• at age 8-10, premolar eruption is accelerated as a result of loss of primary teeth

Question 12

because of their slow growth and well-differentiation, odontomas are generally considered to represent ___ rather than ___

Answer 12

hamartomas rather than true neoplasms

Question 13

are space maintainers necessary if primary incisors are removed/lost prematurely?

Answer 13

no

in genearl, from canine to canine, it is not likely that the patient will lose space (only for posterior teeth)

Question 14

is lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors prior to loss of primary incisors considered normal? what is the treatment?

Answer 14

• yes - can be a result of roots that have not undergone resorption, or the primary teeth are only held in place by soft tissues
• treatment is not needed - spontaneous correction (labial migration) usually occurs by about age 8
  
  • however, sometimes the parents or patient will want the primary teeth extracted, and that is ok

Question 15

what are actual signs and symptoms of teething (as opposed to signs and symptoms that parents perceive as related to teething)?

Answer 15

• daytime restlessness
• increase in finger sucking or rubbing of gingiva
• increase in drooling
• possibly some loss of appetite

Question 16

what is the treatment for an eruption hematoma?

Answer 16

• generally, treatment is not needed
• if needed, you can cut the top of the hematoma to open it up enough to let the tooth underneath erupt

Question 17

___ is described as a tiny spicule of nonviable bone overlying the crown of an erupting permanent molar just before or immediately after the emergence of the tips of the cusps through the oral mucosa

Answer 17

eruption sequestrum

it is composed of dentin and cementum, as well as a cementum-like material formed within the follicle

Question 18

___ are teeth present at birth

Answer 18

natal teeth (mostly mandibular incisors)

Question 19

___ are teeth that erupt in the first 30 days of life

Answer 19

neonatal teeth (mostly mandibular incisors)

Question 20

most prematurely erupted teeth (immature type) are hypermobile due to ___

Answer 20

limited root development

Question 21

when should a prematurely erupted tooth be removed?

Answer 21

if it is mobile to the extent that there is a danger of displacement and possible aspiration

Question 22

___ is the result of a sharp incisal edge of a prematurely erupted tooth that causes laceration of the lingual surface of the tongue

Answer 22

riga-fede disease

the tooth may have to be removed

Question 23

which teeth are most often observed to be ankylosed?

Answer 23

mandibular primary molars

Question 24

what is the cause of ankylosed teeth?

Answer 24

• the root resorption process is interrupted by periods of inactivity
• during these periods, a reparative process takes place
• a solid union often develops between the bone and the primary tooth, and extensive bony ankylosis may prevent normal exfolation

Question 25

what is the treatment for an ankylosed primary tooth?

Answer 25

• the best treatment is to just keep an eye on it
• if needed (caries problem or loss of arch length), the tooth may need to be surgically extracted

Question 26

what is the treatment for an ankylosed permanent tooth?

Answer 26

• first try removing the soft tissue and bone covering the occlusal aspect, and the area should be packed with surgical cement to provide a pathway for the developing permanent tooth
• may have to use a luxation technique

Question 27

what is a common eruption problem with down syndrome?

Answer 27

• delayed eruption, which may follow an abnormal sequence
• also, some primary teeth may be retained until 15 years of age

Question 28

children with down syndrome tend to have lower ___ rates but a higher prevalence and extent of ___ and ___, and higher oral colonization of ___ than in non down syndrome children

Answer 28

• decay
• gingivitis and periodontal disease
• candida albicans

Question 29

are natal or neonatal teeth more of a problem?

Answer 29

natal teeth

Question 30

___ are formed along the midpalatine raphe, and are considered remnant of epithelial tissue trapped along the raphe as the fetus grew

Answer 30

epstein pearls

Question 31

___ are formed along the buccal and lingual aspects of the dnetal ridges and on the palate away from the raphe; they are considered remnants of salivary gland tissue and are histologically different from epstein pearls

Answer 31

bohn’s nodules

Question 32

___ are found on the crests of the maxillary and mandibular dental ridges, and are believed to originate from remnants of the dental lamina

Answer 32

dental lamina cysts

Question 33

irritation of the follicular or periodontal tissue resulting from chronic infection can cause unerupted permanent teeth to become ___

Answer 33

ankylosed