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Applied Anatomy I > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

2-

A

partial ROM in gravity eliminated position

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2
Q

functional muscle testing

A

groups muscles together based on common osteokinematic motion - used for assessing which transfer to use

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3
Q

Purpose of ROM measurement (6)

A

(1) determine impairments, (2) diagnosis, (3) develop prognosis, treatment goals & POC, (4) modify treatment, (5) determine progress, (6) determine effectiveness of treatment

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4
Q

Osteokinematics

A

gross joint motion

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5
Q

muscle length can affect what 3 aspects?

A

alignment, ROM, strength

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6
Q

optimal test position for MMT of 2-joint muscle

A

midrange

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7
Q

how do you move joint in a gravity eliminated position?

A

perpendicular to pull of gravity

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8
Q

normal ROM for shoulder extension

A

60 degrees

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9
Q

normal ROM for cervical side flexion

A

22 degrees

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10
Q

3-

A

full ROM against gravity, but can’t hold

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11
Q

4

A

moderate pressure

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12
Q

what is abnormal muscle length

A

reduced or
excessive flexibility and
extensibility

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13
Q

define muscle length

A

the maximal distance between distal and

proximal attachments of a muscle

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14
Q

1

A

no visible movement but can palpate/observe contraction

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15
Q

body of goniometer

A

part that has numbers for measurement

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16
Q

factors affecting AROM (4)

A

(1) willingness to move, (2) coordination, (3) strength, (4) amount of motion

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17
Q

purpose of muscle length testing

A

to determine if muscle length is normal, limited or excessive

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18
Q

connective tissue adhesions including peri-articular

A

these tissue overlap and adhere to each other

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19
Q

characteristics of normal ROM

A

smooth, full range, pain free, normal strength, & relaxation of antagonists

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20
Q

what is the difference between range of joint motion & range of muscle length?

A

range of joint motion is mobility (e.g. hypermobility/hypomobility) and range of muscle length is the length of a muscle at a joint/joints

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21
Q

5

A

can hold test against strong pressure; unable to break patient’s position

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22
Q

what are two reasons validity would be poor for goinometric measurements?

A

poor stabilization & movements of joint axis during measurement

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23
Q

firm end feel

A

capsular stretch, ligament, muscle

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24
Q

normal ROM for cervical extension

A

50 degrees

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25
Q

which type of muscle can shorten through a full ROM?

A

a 1-joint muscle; 2-joint muscles can’t contract through full ROM

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26
Q

normal ROM for ER

A

90 degrees

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27
Q

4+

A

mod-strong pressure

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28
Q

factors affecting muscle flexibility & extensibility (5)

A

(1) prolonged immobilization, (2) restricted joint mobility, (3) neuromuscular diseases, (4) traumatic tissue pathology, (5) connective tissue diseases

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29
Q

normal ROM for shoulder flexion

A

180 degrees

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30
Q

2

A

full ROM in gravity eliminated position

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31
Q

normal ROM for cervical flexion

A

40 degrees

32
Q

0

A

no movement or contraction

33
Q

clinically, which side do you test first?

A

uninvolved side

34
Q

what is normal muscle length

A

has the flexibility
and extensibility required
to allow normal joint
motion

35
Q

3

A

against gravity (Full ROM); no pressure applied

36
Q

when measuring ROM, what is done to the distal segment of joint?

A

taken through full range of motion

37
Q

normal ROM for shoulder abduction

A

180 degrees

38
Q

MLT involves elongating the muscle in what direction?

A

direction opposite of its action

39
Q

normal ROM for cervical rotation

A

50 degrees

40
Q

hard end feel

A

bone/cartilage

41
Q

pennate muscles

A

fibers run obliquely (ex. rectus femoris)

42
Q

what are the terms associated with muscle strength grading?

A 
5 - normal
4 - good
3 - fair
2 - poor
1 - trace
0 - none
43
Q

what concept is important to consider to 2-joint muscle when measuring muscle length?

A

passive insufficency; 2-joint muscles do not have sufficient extensibility
to lengthen through full ROM for both joints
simultaneously

44
Q

3+

A

minimal pressure

45
Q

Arthrokinematic

A

occurs at joint surface, can’t be seen

46
Q

passive insufficiency

A

full range of motion of a joint is limited due to the length of the muscle (as opposed to ligaments or structural inhibition)

47
Q

4-

A

min-moderate pressure

48
Q

Inclinometer

A

similar to a level, uses air or liquid

49
Q

pseudomyostatic contracture

A

muscle maintained in a central nervous system pathology that is maintaining the muscle in a constant state of contracture (causes increased tone)

50
Q

break test

A

when examiner applies external pressure to force patient to

give in during muscle testing

51
Q

2+

A

full ROM gravity eliminated with minimal resistance OR partial ROM against gravity

52
Q

what are 4 ways to maximize reliability?

A

always use the same instrument, position, procedure & examiner

53
Q

purpose of MMT (3)

A

(1) detect weakness, (2) detect imbalances, (3) determine ability of muscles to function in movement and provide stability and support

54
Q

myostatic contracture

A

The adaptive shortening of the muscle, leading to tightness (no pathology, could be as a result of poor posture)

55
Q

fan-shaped muscles

A

fibers arranged side by side (ex. pec major)

56
Q

what can cause weakness? (5)

A

nerve involvement, disuse atrophy, stretch weakness, pain, fatigue

57
Q

fusiform muscles

A

parallel fibers with flat tendons (ex. biceps)

58
Q

active insufficiency

A

when a two joint muscle is no longer able
to generate an effective force due to being placed in a fully shortened
position

59
Q

how do you isolate the 1 joint muscle in MMT?

A

put the two joint muscle on slack

60
Q

stationary arm

A

parallel to stationary segment

61
Q

scar tissue adhesions

A

connective tissue bound down to each other

62
Q

when measuring ROM, what is done to the proximal segment of joint?

A

stabalize

63
Q

normal ROM for IR

A

70 degrees

64
Q

axis/fulcrum

A

in line with axis of motion

65
Q

factors affecting PROM (2)

A

integrity of joint surfaces and extensibility of soft tissue

66
Q

which motion should be more, passive or active

A

passive

67
Q

how is strength affected by muscle length?

A

length tension relationship

68
Q

moving arm

A

parallel to moving segment

69
Q

optimal test position for MMT of 1-joint muscle

A

end range

70
Q

Factors Affecting ROM (5)

A

(1) gender, (2) age, (3) muscle bulk, (4) joint capsule laxity, (5) skin extensibility

71
Q

soft end feel

A

occurs when soft tissue come in contact (muscle on muscle)

72
Q

characteristics of dysfunctional ROM

A

pain, limited ROM, compensation, unwillingness to move

73
Q

what are the curvatures of the spine?

A

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

74
Q

what is the purpose of the spinal curvatures?

A

help the spine absorb load

75
Q

what are the main functions of the superficial (global) and deep (local) muscles of the spine?

A

superficial: move joints
deep: stabilize the spine

76
Q

the GH joint and scapulo-thoracic joint are responsible for how much motion at the shoulder joint?

A

GH joint: 2/3

ST joint: 1/3

Applied Anatomy I (4 decks)

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