Exam I Flashcards by Abagayle Moody

General classification found in most individuals:

Normal (WNL)

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General classification not present in all individuals but still within normal limits (a variation of normal)

Atypical

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of wisdom teeth and tori would be an example of what general classification?

Atypical

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General classification associated with infection, trauma, neoplastic growth, or errors in development

Pathologic

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Oral cancer would be and example of what general classification?

Atypical

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Plegia =

Paralysis

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Paresis =

Weakness

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Paralysis on one side, usually from a stroke:

Hemiplegia

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Paralysis on both sides:

Paraplegia

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Weakness on one side:

Hemiparesis

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Weakness on both sides:

Paraparesis

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Presence of abnormal, uncoordinated movements (without order)

Ataxic gait

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A type of gait that describes signs and symptoms of diseases without reference to a specific disease:

Ataxic gait

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What would these symptoms correlate with?

Lack of proper coordination, unsteadiness, stumbling, falling, lack of muscle coordination, and ambulating difficulties:

Ataxic gait

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What might be some causes for an ataxic gait? (4)

Alcohol
Stroke
MS
Brain disorder

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Motor disturbances- resting tremors, small shuffling steps:

Parkinsonian gait

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Tremor, rigidity, postural instability, hypokinesia, and freezing gait would all be characteristics of:

Parkinsonian gait

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Short or tall=

Stature

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Thin or obese=

Habits

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Where the outer eyelids meet:

Outer canthus

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Where inner eyelids meet:

Inner canthus

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Wing of nose=

Ala

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Above upper lip=

Philtrum

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Thick fold between face and ears=

Tragus

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Nose in between eyes (T-zone)=

Nasion

Protruding mandible (severe underbite)=

Prognathic

Mandible sits behind the maxilla (severe underbite)=

Retrognathic

In a _____ mandible, it can be hard to check occlusion:

Retrognathic

- most common - middle 2/3 of face - won’t heal - usually benign - more than 3 million cases for year

Basal cell carcinoma

- irregular borders - crusty - persistent thick rough scaly patches that may bleed - comprises 90% of all oral cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma

- multiple colors (pigmented) - irregular borders - flat or slightly raised borders - asymmetrical - high infiltrative

Melanoma

Aggressive lesions that have only vertical growth:

Modular melanoma

What is the most common skin lesion?

Basal cell carcinoma

How many cases per year for basal cell carcinoma?

More than 3 million

What type of cancer comprises 90% of all oral cancers?

Squamous cell carcinoma

What skin cancer(s) are characterized by irregular borders?

Squamous cell carcinoma & melanoma

If a cancer is described as crusty of thick rough and scaly, it is probably:

Squamous cell carcinoma

What are the major lymph node groups?

1. Cervical 2. Axillary 3. Inguinal 4. Internal

Can you palpate internal lymph nodes?

A soft and moveable lymph node would be described as:

Healthy

A firm, tender, enlarged, warmed, fixed, and redness of the overlying skin when describing a lymph node would be categorized as:

Unhealthy; infected lymph node

Cancer of a lymph node (lymphoma) would be classified as:

Primary malignancy

Lymph node cancer involvement as a result of metastasis:

Secondary malignancy

Any abnormality in size, consistency and # of lymph nodes:

Lymphadenopathy

The most common lymphadenopathy:

Cervical

When describing a lymphadenopathy, its important to note: (5)

1. Location 2. Size 3. Tenderness 4. Consistency 5. Mobility

Cervical lymph node just below the chin:

Submental

Cervical lymph nodes of about 3-6 nodes, beneath the mandible

Submandibular

Largest group of lymph nodes in the cervical chain due to drainage. These decrease in size with age.

Tonsillar/jugulodigastric

Cervical lymph node group anterior to the ear:

Preauricular

Cervical lymph node group posterior to the ear:

Postauricular

Cervical lymph node group located near the base of the skull:

Occipital

Cervical lymph node group that lies on top and beneath the SCM

Anterior cervical chain

Cervical lymph node group located in hollow above clavicle:

Supraclavicular

Cervical lymph node group located posterior to the SCM but anterior to the trapezius:

Posterior cervical chain

Location of thyroid gland:

Inferior to larynx and superior to clavicles

Is the thyroid gland palpable?

Most often it is not

If someone places fingers on either side of Adam’s apple, slides just below it, and asks the patient to swallow while feeling the structure rise and drop and feeling for asymmetry, they are examining the:

Thyroid gland

Inferior to nose, middle of upper lip area:

Philtrum

The colored outline of the lips:

Vermillion border

Corners of the mouth:

Comissures

What lip landmark is a common area for disease to show up:

Comissure

Vesicle filled contagious lesion of the lip:

Herpetic lesion

A crusted over, scabbed lesion of the lip that is not contagious:

Herpetic lesion

When are Herpetic lesions of the lip contagious?

When they are vesicle filled

Irritation that occurs in the converse of the mouth:

Angular cheilitis

Angular cheilitis is usually caused by what microorganism?

Candida

TMD affects _____ of the US

20%

TMD affects ______ % women

85.4

TMD is common in _____ but more prevalent in ___/

Adults; teens and children

These symptoms are characteristic of: - joint pain - headaches - tinnitus - insomnia - neck aches - temp sensitive teeth

TMD

Temperature sensitive teeth is the first sign of:

Brutish

What are common causes of TMD? (7)

1. Bruxism 2. Clenching 3. Stress 4. Malocclusion 5. Arthritis 6. Trauma 7. Stimulants

What are the diagnostic classes for TMD?

1. Muscles 2. Soft tissue of the joint 3. Hard tissue of the joint

What is the most common area of the pain for TMD?

Muscles

If someone is having referred pain in the temporalis it is most likely caused by a defect in the:

Anterior teeth

If someone is have referred pain to the masseter there is most likely an issue with the:

Posterior teeth

When palpating the TMJ, palpate the bony prominence _____ to the ear, and have the patient _____.

Anterior; open & close

When palpating the TMJ, we are looking/ hearing for:

Deviations, sounds, tenderness, and limitations

When examining TMD, we may see excess:

Tooth mobility

When examining TMD, we may see _____ radiographically

Widened PDL

________ in the abscence of perio disease is a sign of TMD.

Migration

Buccal mucosal _____ and lateral tongue _____ are signs of TMD.

Ridging; scalloping

What are the treatments for TMD? (6)

1. Night guards/ brutish splints 2. Medications 3. PT 4. Soft food diet 5. Hot or cold compress 6. Surgery (last resort)

What is the purpose of nighguards/bruxism splints for TMD treatment:

Redistribute occlusal forces and relax masticatory muscles to stabilize the joint