Exam I

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of biodiversity?
A. Species diversity
B. Functional diversity
C. Keystone diversity
D. Ecosystem diversity

Answer 1

C. Keystone diversity

Question 2

Which species concept focuses on the anatomical appearance of organisms?
A. Morphological
B. Evolutionary
C. Ecological
D. Reproductive
E. None of the above

Answer 2

A. Morphological

Question 3

If species diversity is increasing, which of the following must be true?
A. Anagenesis is higher than cladogenesis
B. Speciation rate is higher than extinction rate
C. Extinction rate is higher than speciation rate
D. Divergence is higher than parallelism
E. None

Answer 3

B. Speciation rate is higher than extinction rate

Question 4

During a mass extinction, S>E. True or false?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What kind of biodiversity would focus on the ecological roles performed by different species?
A. Species diversity
B. Functional diversity
C. Keystone diversity
D. Ecosystem diversity

Answer 5

B. Functional diversity

Question 6

From which group of organisms have biologists described the most number of species?
A. Plants
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Viruses
E. Arthropods

Answer 6

E. Arthropods

Question 7

If given no other information, where would you expect to find the most species in a large group of organisms, like plants or flies or fishes?
A. Nidus
B. Hot spot
C. Mediterranean biome
D. Tropics
E. Tundra

Answer 7

D. Tropics

Question 8

Cichlid fishes in the lakes of the African Rift Valley are an example of which of the following?
A. High endemism
B. High extinction
C. Overlapping ranges
D. Latitudinal gradient

Answer 8

A. High endemism

Question 9

Coral reefs are an example of which of the following?
A. High endemism
B. High extinction
C. Overlapping ranges
D. Latitudinal gradient

Answer 9

C. Overlapping ranges

Question 10

What do nitrogen fixers do?
A. Convert N2 into NH3+
B. Convert NH3+ into N2
C. Concert NH3+ into amino acids
D. Convert NH3+ into NO32-
E. None of the above

Answer 10

A. Convert N2 into NH3+

Question 11

An organism that fixes carbon is doing which of the following?
A. Decomposing organic material
B. Being an herbivore
C. Photosynthesizing
D. Remineralizing

Answer 11

C. Photosynthesizing

Question 12

A keystone species is a very abundant and common organism, usually an herbivore, that has very little effect on an ecosystem except to use other organisms as substrate. True or false?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Which of the following tends to positively correlate with increasing species diversity?
A. Redundancy
B. Productivity
C. Habitat diversity
D. All of these
E. None of these

Answer 13

D. All of these

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of Darwin to evolutionary biology?
A. Common descent
B. Natural selection
C. Convergence
D. Population level change

Answer 14

C. Convergence

Question 15

Embryological similarities among organisms is good evidence of what aspect of evolution?
A. Common descent
B. Parallel evolution
C. Saltation
D. Anagenesis
E. All of these

Answer 15

A. Common descent

Question 16

Disruptive selection and polyploidy are ways in which sympathetic speciation can occur. True or false?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What kind of reproductive isolation is established when mating rituals differ between species?
A. Ecological
B. Behavioral
C. Post-zygotic
D. Temporal
E. Hybrid inviability

Answer 17

B. Behavioral

Question 18

If members of two species mate in the wild but their offspring are never born, jay kind of reproductive isolation is occurring?
A. Temporal
B. Ecological
C. Gametic
D. Hybrid inviability
E. Hybrid infertility

Answer 18

D. Hybrid inviability

Question 19

Match the type of organism listed on the left with its description on the right.
___ Filter feeder
___ Commensal
___ Primary producer
___ Herbivore
___ Omnivore
___ Decomposer
___ Parasitoid
A. Feeds on many different kinds of organisms
B. Uses another organism as a substrate without feeding on it
C. Feeds on primary producers
D. Kills its host organism as larvae develop in it
E. Feeds on parts of its prey, e.g., leeches and mosquitoes
F. Creates water currents and captures food particles from them
G. Photosynthetic
H. Infects other organisms; uses them as habitat
I. Feeds on animals; oftentimes scavengers
J. Remineralizes organic matter

Answer 19

F. Creates water currents and captures food particles from them
B. Uses another organism as a substrate without feeding on it
G. Photosynthetic
C. Feeds on primary producers
A. Feeds on many different kinds of organisms
J. Remineralizes organic matter
D. Kills its host organism as larvae develop in it

Question 20

List 3 general ways in which descendent species can diverge from each other.

Answer 20

~ Morphologically
~ Behaviorally
~ Life history

Question 21

Provide the evolutionary term below to match the description.
___ Structures that the same evolutionary origin
___ A feature that is no longer functional but left over from an ancestor
___ Evolutionary change within a single lineage or species
___ Type of speciation in which geographical isolation is required
___ Evolution in which traits get increasingly different from each other

Answer 21

~ Homologs
~ Vestigal
~ Anagenesis
~ Allopatric
~ Divergence