Exam Chp 18,19,20 Flashcards
What is the composition of blood? CPRWP
-connective tissue
-plasma,
-formed elements (RBC, WBC, Platelets)
What are the physical characteristics of blood? C pH 7BW
-sticky with a metallic taste
-varies in color with O2 levels,
-pH of 7.35-7.45
-7% of body weight (5-6L in males, 4-5L in females).
What are the primary functions of blood? T RPh SI DT SBT
-transport gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste
-regulates pH
-helps sites of injury
-defends against toxins
-stabilizes body temperature
What is blood plasma composed of? W PP L 6A
-92% water
-plasma proteins (7%)
-produced mostly by the liver
-60% albumin
What are the formed elements of blood?
WBCs
RBCs
Platelets
What are the functions of RBCs? SB BM ResG
-survive in the bloodstream
-originate in bone marrow, -transport respiratory gases
What are the functions of WBCs? DD RT
-defend against disease
-remove toxins, wastes, damaged cells.
What are the characteristics of RBCs (Erythrocytes)? LS HG UM PMP ROU
-biconcave
-lifespan of 120 days
-filled with hemoglobin for gas transport
-2.5um to 7.5um
-plasma membrane protein -form rouleaux
What is hematocrit? %RBC
% by volume of red blood cells in your blood.
What is the structure of hemoglobin?
globin
4 polypeptide chains
two alpha and two beta
heme (pigment bonded to each globin chain)
What are the functions of hemoglobin? OL DT COT
-loads O2 in the lungs (oxyhemoglobin)
-unloads O2 in tissues (deoxyhemoglobin)
-loads CO2 in tissues (carbaminohemoglobin)
What are the consequences of genetic variations of the hemoglobin molecule?
sickle cell anemia
abnormally shaped RBCs
clump together
blocking blood flow in small vessels
causing severe pain
What is erythropoiesis?
the process of producing red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow
How is red blood cell production regulated? HC I AA VB
hormonal controls and adequate supplies of iron, amino acids, and Vitamin B
What are the dietary requirements for adequate RBC production?
Lots of iron
Vitamin B12
How are aged or damaged red blood cells recycled?
- kidney and liver release erythropoietin
- stimulates red bone marrow
erythropoiesis
-increasing RBC count
What are the various types of WBCs?
-neutrophils
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
-eosinophils
-basophils.
What are the structures and functions of neutrophils? MA DN 1stAI ATP
-most abundant WBCs
- dense, segmented nucleus
-first to arrive at the site of injury
-specializing in attacking pathogens
What are the structures and functions of eosinophils? 2/4 BI AT AB AR
-2-4% of WBCs
-bi-lobed nucleus
- primarily attack via exocytosis of toxic compounds
-engulf antibody-coated bacteria
-increase in number during allergic reactions
What are the structures and functions of basophils? LA DSN DHHI RChemEB
-least abundant WBCs
-darkly stained obscure nucleus
-discharging histamine and heparin at sites of injury
- releasing chemicals that attract eosinophils & basophils.
What are the structures and functions of monocytes? 2/8 OKS MT CAV
-2-8% of WBCs
-large oval kidney-shaped nucleus
-become macrophages in tissues
-crucial against viruses, bacterial parasites, chronic infections.
What are the structures and functions of lymphocytes? 2040 SLR MIOB 3C
-20-40% of WBCs
-slightly larger than RBCs
-large round nucleus
-migrate in and out of the bloodstream and tissues
-T-Cells, B-Cells, and NK cells.
Which WBCs are granulocytes? N/B E/AA B/HSI
neutrophils (fight bacterial infections)
eosinophils (allergic reactions and asthma)
basophils (hypersensitivity inflammation)
Which WBCs are NOT granulocytes? LY MO
Lymphocytes
monocytes
