Endocrine

Question 1

Define homeostasis and explain its significance to living organisms.

Answer 1

Maintains stable through different changes.

Question 2

What is negative feedback?

Answer 2

Counteracts, needs to bring back into set points.

Question 3

Give an example of negative feedback from the human body.

Answer 3

Blood sugar rises, insulin is released.

Question 4

What is positive feedback?

Answer 4

Amplifies, moving away from set points.

Question 5

Give an example of positive feedback from the human body.

Answer 5

Childbirth.

Question 6

Describe the structure and function of endocrine glands.

Answer 6

Secretes hormones into bloodstream.

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of exocrine glands.

Answer 7

Secretes through duct system to body surface.

Question 8

What are the three classes of hormones?

Answer 8

• Steroid
• Amino Acid
• Peptide

Question 9

How do steroid hormones influence cell functioning?

Answer 9

Lipid-derived > enter cell > intercellular receptor binding > Gene Expression regulation.

Question 10

What is unique about steroid hormones?

Answer 10

Only class that directly enters cell.

Question 11

How do amino acid hormones influence cell functioning?

Answer 11

Thyroxine > Cell surface receptor binding > Transduction pathway.

Question 12

How do peptide hormones influence cell functioning?

Answer 12

Chains of amino > Cell surface receptor binding > G protein activation.

Question 13

What does cAMP do in hormone action?

Answer 13

Amplifies the signal by activating cellular response.

Question 14

What is a receptor cascade?

Answer 14

Chain reaction.

Question 15

What are the three types of endocrine gland stimulation?

Answer 15

• Humoral
• Neural
• Hormonal

Question 16

What is an example of humoral stimulation?

Answer 16

Blood glucose rise > pancreas releases insulin.

Question 17

What is an example of neural stimulation?

Answer 17

Direct nerve signals for fight or flight.

Question 18

What is an example of hormonal stimulation?

Answer 18

Stimulation by other hormones released from different endocrine glands.

Question 19

What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 19

• FSH
• LH
• TSH
• ACTH

Question 20

What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 20

• ADH
• Oxytocin

Question 21

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 21

Eggs & sperm.

Question 22

What is the function of LH?

Answer 22

Progesterone & testosterone.

Question 23

What is the function of TSH?

Answer 23

Thyroid stimulation.

Question 24

What is the function of ACTH?

Answer 24

Adrenal cortex cortisol stimulation.

Question 25

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 25

Water regulation in kidneys.

Question 26

What is the function of oxytocin?

Answer 26

Childbirth and milk production.

Question 27

What is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (T3 or T4)?

Answer 27

Iodine is important.

Question 28

What role do enzymes play in thyroid hormone synthesis?

Answer 28

Enzymes play an important role.

Question 29

What is the function of the Islets of Langerhans?

Answer 29

House endocrine cells with pancreas; make insulin & glucagon.

Question 30

What characterizes Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 30

Immune system attacks and destroys beta cells/insulin.

Question 31

What characterizes Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 31

Body becomes resistant to insulin; cells don't respond to insulin.

Question 32

What is diabetes insipidus caused by?

Answer 32

Deficiency in hormone vasopressin.

Question 33

What condition results from iodine deficiency?

Answer 33

Thyroid doesn’t have enough iodine; works harder to make thyroid hormones.

Question 34

What is a goiter?

Answer 34

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Question 35

What is Grave's disease?

Answer 35

Overactive thyroid; too much thyroid hormone.

Question 36

What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Answer 36

Underactive thyroid; doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone.