Exam-chapter 14

Question 1

simony

Answer 1

-buying/selling positions in the church

Question 2

Gothic

Answer 2

• Germanic tribe the Goths

- stained glass windows, tall (reaches to heavens),pointed arch, flying buttresses, spire, ribbed vault ceilings

Question 3

pope urban 2

Answer 3

• read Byzantine emperor letter (to help defeat Muslim Turks
• created crusades

Question 4

crusade

Answer 4

“holy war”

-to gain control of holy land, for 300 years

Question 5

Saladin

Answer 5

Kurdish warrior and Muslim ruler who took back Jerusalem after 2nd crusade

Question 6

Richard the Lionhearted

Answer 6

English King

• only King left to lead 3rd crusade against Saladin
• Henry 2 and Eleanor’s son, Johns brother

Question 7

Reconquista

Answer 7

• long effort by Spanish to drive Muslims out of Spain

- 1492 Granada fell to Ferdinand and Isabella

Question 8

Inquisition

Answer 8

court held by the church to suppress heresy (heretics-ppl who’s beliefs weren’t Christian)

Question 9

three-field system

Answer 9

farmland divided into 3 fields of equal size and 2 fields planted, one field rested

Question 10

guiid

Answer 10

• organization of individuals in same business/occupation
• working to improve economic/social conditions of its workers
• apprentice-journeymen-master

Question 11

Commercial Revolution

Answer 11

• expansion of trade and business

- increased availability of trade goods and new ways of business

Question 12

burghers

Answer 12

merchant class town dwellers, shifted to governing town

Question 13

vernacular

Answer 13

everyday language of a hometown(not Latin, most poets used)

Question 14

Thomas Aquinas

Answer 14

• scholar, argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved with logical argument
• influenced by Aristotle

Question 15

scholastics

Answer 15

-schoolmen, Aquinas and scholars, met at great universities

Question 16

William the Conquerer

Answer 16

Duke of Normandy, became English King

-lead to last invasion of England

Question 17

Henry 2

Answer 17

• English King, married Eleanor of Aquitaine (France)

- added to Normandy land (Aquitaine) sent judges once a year to land

Question 18

common law

Answer 18

case by case, rulings of England’s royal judges formed this unified body of law
-basis for many English speaking countries

Question 19

Magna Carta

Answer 19

• great charter
• approved by King John, guaranteed certain basic political rights
• limit kings powers, no taxation without representation, jury trial, protection of the law

Question 20

parliament

Answer 20

-English legislative group, Edward called 2 burgesses/2 Knights from every country to serve

Question 21

Hugh Capet

Answer 21

• duke from middle of France, succeeded Louis the Sluggard (last member of Carolingian family)
• began Capetian Dynasty

Question 22

Phillip 2

Answer 22

• Phillip Augustus, most powerful Capetian King, increase France’s land
• took Normandy from King John
• wanted strong central goverment

Question 23

Estates-General

Answer 23

• meeting in France,
• church leaders, 1st estate
• great lords, 2nd estate
• commoners/wealthy landowners/merchants that Phillip invited, 3rd estate

Question 24

Avignon

Answer 24

-Pope Clement V (was French archbishop) moved from Rome to here in France

Question 25

Great Schism

Answer 25

-division in the church, 2 popes, French (Avignon), Italian (Rome)

Question 26

John Wycliffe

Answer 26

-Englishman, preached Jesus was head, not pope

Question 27

Jan Hus

Answer 27

• professor, said authority of the bible was over the pope

- accused of being a heretic, burned at the stake

Question 28

bubonic plague

Answer 28

Black Death, epidemic killed 1/3 of all Europeans

Question 29

Hundred Years’ War

Answer 29

Edward 3 claimed right to French throne, launched century war

• England vs France
• France drove England out

Question 30

Joan of Arc

Answer 30

• French peasant girl
• heard voices of saints that Charles VII should be King
• led French to victory
• condemned as a heretic, burned a stake