Exam-chapter 14 Flashcards
simony
-buying/selling positions in the church
Gothic
- Germanic tribe the Goths
- stained glass windows, tall (reaches to heavens),pointed arch, flying buttresses, spire, ribbed vault ceilings
pope urban 2
- read Byzantine emperor letter (to help defeat Muslim Turks
- created crusades
crusade
“holy war”
-to gain control of holy land, for 300 years
Saladin
Kurdish warrior and Muslim ruler who took back Jerusalem after 2nd crusade
Richard the Lionhearted
English King
- only King left to lead 3rd crusade against Saladin
- Henry 2 and Eleanor’s son, Johns brother
Reconquista
- long effort by Spanish to drive Muslims out of Spain
- 1492 Granada fell to Ferdinand and Isabella
Inquisition
court held by the church to suppress heresy (heretics-ppl who’s beliefs weren’t Christian)
three-field system
farmland divided into 3 fields of equal size and 2 fields planted, one field rested
guiid
- organization of individuals in same business/occupation
- working to improve economic/social conditions of its workers
- apprentice-journeymen-master
Commercial Revolution
- expansion of trade and business
- increased availability of trade goods and new ways of business
burghers
merchant class town dwellers, shifted to governing town
vernacular
everyday language of a hometown(not Latin, most poets used)
Thomas Aquinas
- scholar, argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved with logical argument
- influenced by Aristotle
scholastics
-schoolmen, Aquinas and scholars, met at great universities
William the Conquerer
Duke of Normandy, became English King
-lead to last invasion of England
Henry 2
- English King, married Eleanor of Aquitaine (France)
- added to Normandy land (Aquitaine) sent judges once a year to land
common law
case by case, rulings of England’s royal judges formed this unified body of law
-basis for many English speaking countries
Magna Carta
- great charter
- approved by King John, guaranteed certain basic political rights
- limit kings powers, no taxation without representation, jury trial, protection of the law
parliament
-English legislative group, Edward called 2 burgesses/2 Knights from every country to serve
Hugh Capet
- duke from middle of France, succeeded Louis the Sluggard (last member of Carolingian family)
- began Capetian Dynasty
Phillip 2
- Phillip Augustus, most powerful Capetian King, increase France’s land
- took Normandy from King John
- wanted strong central goverment
Estates-General
- meeting in France,
- church leaders, 1st estate
- great lords, 2nd estate
- commoners/wealthy landowners/merchants that Phillip invited, 3rd estate
Avignon
-Pope Clement V (was French archbishop) moved from Rome to here in France
Great Schism
-division in the church, 2 popes, French (Avignon), Italian (Rome)
John Wycliffe
-Englishman, preached Jesus was head, not pope
Jan Hus
- professor, said authority of the bible was over the pope
- accused of being a heretic, burned at the stake
bubonic plague
Black Death, epidemic killed 1/3 of all Europeans
Hundred Years’ War
Edward 3 claimed right to French throne, launched century war
- England vs France
- France drove England out
Joan of Arc
- French peasant girl
- heard voices of saints that Charles VII should be King
- led French to victory
- condemned as a heretic, burned a stake
