Chapter 4- First age of Empires Flashcards
New Kingdom
- after overthrowing Hyksos, the pharaohs strengthened Egypt by making it an empire
- Egyptians became conquerors
Hatshepsut
- a pharaoh of the New Kingdom
- she encouraged trade rather than conquest
Thutmose III
- Hasheputs stepson
- warlike ruler
Nubia
- region of Africa that straddled the upper Nile river
- Thutmose III’s armies pushed all the way south into Nubia
Rameses II
- a Pharaoh of New kingdom
- made peace treaty with a Hittite King
- was a great builder of the New Kingdom
Piankhl
- Kushite King
- overthrew the Libyan dynasty that had ruled Egypt
- Kushites ruled Egypt
Meroë
- Kushites defeated by Assyrians, who took over Egypt
- Kushite Royal family moved there
- it lay closer to the sea so the trade flourished
Assyria
- beginning around 850 BC
- acquired a large empire by advanced military and weaponry
Sennacherib
- Assyrian King
- bragged that he destroyed cities and villages, burned Babylon and ordered inhabitants to be killed
Nineveh
- Assyrias capital
- along the Tigris river
- a walled city
Ashurbanipal
- Assyrian King
- collected many clay tablets in Ninevahs library, one of the ancient worlds largest libraries
- one of the last mighty Assyrian kings
Medes
-combined army of Medes and Chaldeans and others burned and leveled Nineveh
Chaldeans
-combined army of Medes and Chaldeans and others burned and leveled Nineveh
Nebuchadnezzar
- Chaldean King
- restored city of Babylon
- Chaldeans made Babylon their capital
- Nebuchadnezzar made the hanging gardens in Babylon
Cyrus
- Persian King
- conquered many neighboring kingdoms
- military genius, was kind to all conquered people, honored their local religions and the people
Cambyses
- Cyrus’ son
- conquered Egypt, scorned all Egyptian religion, burned Egyptian idols
- rebellions across empire after his death
Darius
- Persian King after Cambyses
- began career as a member of the kings body guards
- seized throne, brought peach and stability to empire
- great warrior
satrap
-governor who ruled locally, or for each province
Royal road
- ran from Susa in Persia, to Sardis in Anatolia
- excellent system of roads helped Darius communicate quickly
Zoroaster
-Persian prophet, taught that the earth is a battle ground between the spirit of good and spirit of evil
Confucius
- China’s most influential scholar
- lived when Zhou dynasty in decline
filial piety
- what children should practice
- respect for their parents and ancestors
bureaucracy
- trained civil service
- those who run government
Daoism
- philosophy of Laozi
- the understanding of nature, pursues scientific studies
Legalism
- believed that highly efficient and powerful government was the key to restoring order in society
- Hanfeizi and Li Si were among the founders
I Ching
-book of oracles to solve ethical or practical problems
yin and yang
- two powers together represented the natural rhythms of life
yin: black, all that is cold, dark, and mysterious
yang: white, all that is warm, bright, hard, and clear
Qin Dynasty
- replaced Zhou dynasty
- employed Legalistic ideas to unify the country
Shi Huangdi
- after ruling 20 years, the Qin ruler assumed this name
- means “first emperor”
- he doubled China’s size
autocracy
-government that has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner
hyksos
- asiatic invaders, invaded and ruled Egypt
- Hyksos invasion shook Egyptians confidence in its desert barriers
