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Medical Microbiology > Exam B > Flashcards

Exam B Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lysis centrifugation is used for…

A

Dealing with intracellular organisms or contaminated broths?

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2
Q

If a bacteria has mecA gene what would the antibiotic of choice be?

A

?

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3
Q

Antibiotics that are synergistic →

A

beta lactams + aminoglycosides

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4
Q

Recurrent fever →

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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5
Q

Which entero is pos for arginine?***

A
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6
Q

CIN bullseye colonies

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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7
Q

OF results (if orgs use glucose etc.)

If both yellow →

A

fermentation
ex: Escherichia coli

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8
Q

OF result:

If open yellow and covered green →

A

oxidative
-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (nonfermenter)

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9
Q

Of result:

If both green →

A

non-saccharolytic

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10
Q

Which enterobacteria are positive for arginine?

A

-E. coli
-Entercoccus spp.
-Enterbacter spp.
-Mycobacterium hominis
-salmonella (triple pos)

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11
Q

CIN bullseye colonies is seen with…

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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12
Q

What reagents are used for the nitrate test?

A

-reacts with sulfanilic acid (reagent A) and α-naphthylamine (reagent B)
and zinc dust (reagent C) if negative the first time.
-Reagent A + B = positive red color change
-Reagent A + B = negative no color change add Reagent C
-If no color change in Reagent C = positive

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13
Q

ONPG pos is what color?
Turns this color in the presence of?

A

Yellow

β-GALACTOSIDASE

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14
Q

how is chlamydia pneumoniae transmitted?

A

by coughing or sneezing, which creates small respiratory droplets that contain the bacteria.

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15
Q

Characteristics of stentotrophomonas maltophilia include:

A

a. Oxidase maltose, DNase positive, non-motile
b. Motile and oxidase negative (Possibly)
c. Motile; oxidase positive, oxidizes maltose (usually oxidase negative, but can be up to 20% positive)
d. Oxidase negative and no growth on macconkey

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16
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa produces …

A

pyocyanin

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17
Q

resin bottles stop the effects of…

A

antibiotics/meds

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18
Q

Gram - rod isolated from wound infection that ferments lactose, produces acid slant and butt on TSI, oxidase +?

A. hydrophilia (Aeromonas hydrophilia) (Non-fermenter of lactose)

b. Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus)

C. V. cholera
(Considered a late lactose fermenter)

d. Campylobacter coli (C. coli)

A

C

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19
Q

Stenotrophomonas are oxidase ________ and motile _________

A

negative

positive

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20
Q

Stenotrophomonas oxidation?

A

glucose oxidizer (check this one)

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21
Q

Pseudomonas are positive for…

A

motility, glucose oxidizer, and oxidase.

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22
Q

Gram - rod, non glucose fermenter, that produces H2S found on wound?

A

?

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23
Q

What level of CO2 should CO2 incubators be at?

A

5-10%

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24
Q

Gram - bacilli, nitrate +, indole -, citrate +, MR +, urease -, H2S positive?

A

S. enteritidis

(distinguishing factor is H2S positive)

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25
Q

All species of Salmonella is citrate positive except __________

A

typhi

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26
Q

Salmonella paratyphi is H2S ________.

A

negative

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27
Q

E. coli is indole _________.

A

positive

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28
Q

E. sonneri is indole ___________.

A

positive

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29
Q

Aeromonas characteristics and lab results?

A

?

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30
Q

shewanella characteristics and lab results?

A

?

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31
Q

What does the MIC tell you?

A

determines the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that can effectively inhibit the growth of a specific microorganism

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32
Q

MIC broth dilution

A

-

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33
Q

which bacteria has brick red fluorescence?

A

Prevotella and Porphyromonas

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34
Q

What organism is susceptible for SPS disc?

A

P. anaerobius

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35
Q

Differ between M.hominis and U.urelyticus?

A

M. hominis → small pinpoint colonies, (arginine positive)

U.urelyticus → urease +, large fried egg colonies,

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36
Q

If your RPR test is positive…

A

you will need more tests to confirm that you have syphilis → not specific enough

37
Q

D-test is looking for…

A

inducible clindamycin resistance due to erythromycin being there

38
Q

all the organisms that are H2S positive

A

Citrobacter (only lactose fermenter)
Salmonella (- urease)
Proteus (+ urease)

39
Q

Urease positive organisms

A

Proteus
Klebsiella
Serratia
Moranella

‘Mnemonic – Uncle Pete Knitted Sweaters on Monday’

40
Q

Citrobacter is urease…

A

variable

41
Q

organisms that present as bipolar rods (safety pin)

Which shows bipolar staining

A

B. fragilis has safety pin appearance due to vacuoles

Yersinia (pestis) show bipolar staining

42
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica has a _____________ appearance on CIN agar

A

bull’s eye

43
Q

the full name of the lysine decarboxylase

A

LYSINE IRON AGAR

44
Q

lysine decarboxylase test:

Full purple →

A

lysine decarboxylase***

45
Q

lysine decarboxylase test:

Purple slant, yellow butt →

A

glucose fermentation

46
Q

lysine decarboxylase test:

Yellow butt, red slant →

A

deamination of lysine

Proteus and Providencia

47
Q

The Adv and Disadv to the broth dilution AST?

A

-

48
Q

An incoulum on a Muller Hinton Kirby Bauer broth is equivalent to 2 MacFarland Standard. Which is true?

a. Zone is too large
b. Zone is too small
c. Zone is correct
d. Needs longer incubation

A

?

49
Q

Bread crumb colonies…

A

Fusobacterium nucleatum (yellow)***

50
Q

Black pigmented colony…

A

eptococcus niger → also Prevotella/Porphyromonas (have pigment)***

51
Q

Pitted agar…

A

Eikenella corrodens

52
Q

Brick red fluorescence…

A

Prevotella and Porphyromonas***

53
Q

Ground glass colonies…

A

C. difficile (yellow ground glass colonial morphology)

54
Q

“Molar tooth colony”

A

Actinomyces (older colonies)

55
Q

“Sulfur granules”

A

Actinomyces

56
Q

a man with dysuria and discharge coming out of his penis → discharge had WBCs but no bacteria
caused by…

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

57
Q

QC using Klebsiella oxytoca on an API strip test, shows all positive results except VP. What is the best course of action?

a. Return the api test b. reagent strips back to the manufacturer
Make new VP reagents and retest
c. Streak a new isolate of Klebsiella and retest
d. Report to supervisor about…

A

c. Streak a new isolate of Klebsiella and retest

58
Q

How machines can tell if there is a pos blood culture or not?

A

-Turbidity
-color change, gas production, and colony formation
-Blood culture machines determine a positive by the change in CO2***

59
Q

Anaerobic gram negative bacteria was detected from a neck abscess. The colonies looked like bread crumbs. What are the expected biochemical test results?

A

Susceptible to Kanamycin and colistin

60
Q

What two organisms are resistant to all 3 antibiotic discs?

A

B. fragilis and Prevotella***

61
Q

Prevotella is Bile Esculin ______.

A

negative

62
Q

B. fragilis is bile esculin _______.

A

positive

63
Q

Blood cultures:

only report bacteria that grow on BOTH bottles. If they only grow in one, they are most likely…

A

contaminants

64
Q

Patient came in with a wound with dark pigment to it, what would the bacteria be?

A

?

65
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum?

A

?

66
Q

Bacteria that has “pointed ends”

A

?

67
Q

-In the GI tract
-Some members are indigenous microflora and can be opportunistic pathogens
-There are other bacilli in the GI tract that are NOT apart of this family
-Associated with various human diseases
(Abscesses,
GI tract infections,
Meningitis, Pneumonia,
Septicemia,
UTIs,
Wound infections)

A

Enterobacteriaceae
family

-Extra intestinal infections (occur outside the GI tract) – UTIs, respiratory infections, wound infections, bloodstream infections, and CNS infections

68
Q

Is salmonella and Shigella indigenous microflora?

A

NO! ALWAYS PATHOGENIC

69
Q

MOST COMMON causes of nosocomial infections

A

Enterobacteriaceae

70
Q

MOST GI tract infections are caused by:

A

Escherichia
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia

71
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

NON MOTILE members include…

A

-Klebsiella
-Shigella

72
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

___________ fermenters.

A

glucose***

73
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

facultative _________.

A

anaerobes

74
Q

True or false

Enterobacteriaceae are spore forming

A

false. Non-spore forming.

75
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

Catalase ___________.

A

positive – except Shigella dysenteriae

76
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

Oxidase __________.

A

negative – except Plesiomonas shigelloides.

77
Q

True or false:

Enterobacteriaceae
capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite

A

true

78
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

capable of growing on ___________ agar.

A

MacConkey

79
Q

Enterobacteriaceae:

Most members of the family are motile by _________ flagella.

A

peritrichous

80
Q

Lactose Fermenters…

A

E. coli
Klebsiella
Pantoea
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia

81
Q

Non-Lactose Fermenting…

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Proteus
Morganella morganii
Providencia
Yersinia

82
Q

Non-lactose fermenters, motile, and produces H2S

A

Proteus
salmonella

83
Q

Non-lactose fermenters, nonmotile, non-H2S producers

A

Shigella
yersina

84
Q

Enterobacteriaceae Antigens.

O=

A

outer membrane

85
Q

Enterobacteriaceae Antigens.:

H=

A

Flagella

86
Q

Enterobacteriaceae Antigens.:

K=

A

capsule

87
Q

Enterobacteriaceae Antigens.:

VI=

A

capsule of salmonella

88
Q

What bacteria have swarming effect?

A

Proteus Swarming effect – P. mirabilis & P. vulgaris

89
Q
A

Medical Microbiology (12 decks)

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