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Medical Microbiology > EXAM A > Flashcards

EXAM A Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enterococcus has ________________ resistance

A

vancomycin

(VRE)

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2
Q

What differentiates S. pneumoniae from viridans group?

A

-Optochin sensitive/resistance was NOT an answer choice. That is usually the differentiating factor, but it wasn’t a choice.
-Viridans group and S. pneumoniae = alpha hemolytic

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3
Q

Bacitracin:

is Micrococci susceptible or resistant?

A

susceptible

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4
Q

Bacitracin:

is Staphylococci susceptible or resistant?

A

Susceptible (check this one)

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5
Q

Sapro can be differentiated from other species of Staphylococcus through antibiotic testing as it is resistant to the antibiotic __________.

A

novobiocin

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6
Q

Novobiocin resistant staph?

A

Saprophyticus

S. Aureus is susceptible

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7
Q

What is the latex agglutination test is for?

A

-protein A and bound coagulase
-possess coagulase and/or protein A, particularly Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

how to differentiate between strep pyo and strep agalac?

A

Bacitracin (A-disk)

-Differentiating S. pyogenes from other β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp.

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9
Q

Pyogenes is ___________ to bacitracin

A

susceptible

  • any zone of inhibition of growth is considered a positive test result
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10
Q

Pyogenes is PYR _____ and strep agalac is PYR _______.

A

positive,

negative

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11
Q

CAMP/HHT positive or negative?

-aga: ___________
-pyo: ___________

A

positive

negative

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12
Q

“disk test” is used for the different streps

sus for pneumo?

sus for pyo?

A

P disk (Optochin disk)

A disk (Bacitracin disk)

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13
Q

Lancefield classification:

Pyo?

A

A

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14
Q

Lancefield classification:

aga

A

B

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15
Q

Lancefield classification:

dys?

A

C? G?

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16
Q

Lancefield classification:

entero/non-entero?

A

D

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17
Q

what organisms are DNAse (+)?

A

Aureus and moraxella

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18
Q

True or false:

Strep agalactiae is hippurate negative

A

FALSE, hippurate positive!***

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19
Q

Is neisseria gram positive or negative?
what is the morphology?

A

gram negative diplococci

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20
Q

Know the difference between gonorrhea and meningitidis based on the sugars

-gon =
-men =

A

gon: just glucose

men: glucose and maltose

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21
Q

Know what tests are usually done to identify the different neisseria

A

-Gram stain: Gram negative diplococci
-Oxidase test: positive result
-Antigen detection/serology testing

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22
Q

What is used for definitive diagnosis of different neisseria?

A

nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), Agar dilution susceptibility testing

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23
Q

Which neisseria is found in joint fluid?

A

N. Gon

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24
Q

How to identify Gardenella Vaginalis?

A

Analysis of vaginal discharge, pH, and scent

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25
Q

Gardenella Vaginalis:

gram stain…

A

gram-negative coccobacilli

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26
Q

Gardenella Vaginalis:

“______ cells” can be seen when doing wet mount.

A

clue

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27
Q

Gardenella Vaginalis:

What is positive?

A

glucose/maltose fermentation, Hippurate Hydrolysis

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28
Q

Gardenella Vaginalis:

What is negative?

A

urease, nitrate reduction, mannitol fermentation, xylose fermentation

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29
Q

Know what media is used for G. vaginalis

A

Human blood tween

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30
Q

Know what the Loeffler medium is used for?

A

Used for the growth and isolation of the Corynebacterium spp.

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31
Q

Know that ____ is characteristic of Erysipelothrix on TSI media***

A

H2S

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32
Q

Erysipelothrix is gram _________

A

positive

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33
Q

What kind of infection is Erysipeolthrix associated with?

A

skin infections from fish

34
Q

brucella is a _____________ agent.

A

bioterrorism

35
Q

Could you work with burcella on the bench if you clean with bleach?

A

NO. bioterrorism agent due to their ability to undergo aerosolization

36
Q

If a brucella culture shows no growth at 5 days, how long can you keep letting it grow?

A

21 days is the longest

37
Q

best way to incubate campylobacter?

A

-42*c microaerophilic environment
-Media: Campy-BA, Charcoal-based selective medium (CSM), Campylobacter agar base blood-free (CCDA)

38
Q

How to quickly identify B. anthraxis from other bacillus spp

A

-B. anthracis is typically non-motile and displays gamma hemolysis as well as a susceptibility to penicillin and gamma phages
-Can be ruled out through the use of penicillin resistance testing since it is susceptible, motility testing since it is non-motile, and inoculation of blood agar since it is non-hemolytic

39
Q

Is bacillus a frequent contaminant?

A

They rarely cause disease in the immunocompetent and are more frequently isolated as a culture contaminant

40
Q

Can bacillus grows on MAC?

A

No, typically Bacillus species cannot grow. MacConkey agar is selective for gram-negative and inhibits the grown of gram positive bacteria

-bacillus are gram-positive and do not ferment lactose so they will not grow well on MacConkey agar

41
Q

Differentiate between staph, strep, neisseria:

Gram positive chains with catalase positive will be…

A

staphylococci

42
Q

Staph aureus and intermedius are both coagulase and catalase ______________

A

positive

43
Q

N. gonorrheae -> ____________ fermenter

A

glucose

44
Q

N. meningitidis -> ____________ fermenter

A

Glucose & maltose

45
Q

Generally…

Strep -> Catalase ____________

Coagulase __________

A

neg

neg

45
Q

N. Lactamica -> ________________ fermenter

A

Glucose, Maltose, and Lactose

46
Q

Generally….

Staph -> Catalase and Coagulase ____________

A

positive ?

47
Q

Micrococcus is _____________ sensitive.

A

bacitracin

48
Q

Mircococcus is catalase ________.

A

positive

49
Q

Micrococcus is coagulase ___________.

A

negative

50
Q

Micrococcus is oxidase ___________.

A

positive

51
Q

What causes Whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis that is found in the mouth, nose and throat of an infected person

52
Q

What media is used for Bordetella pertussis?

A

charcoal-blood agar (REGAN-LOWE medium) or Bordet-Gengou agar (primary isolation)

53
Q

Haemophilus:

Gram ___________ coccobacillus

A

negative

54
Q

Haemophilus:

motile or non motile?

A

non motile

55
Q

Haemophilus is normal flora of…

A

upper respiratory tract

56
Q

Which haemophilus has Beta hemolysis of horse blood?

A

H. haemolyticus

57
Q

What Haemophilus requires X factor (hemin)?

A

H. influenza , H. ducreyi, and H. heamolyticus

58
Q

What haemphilus requires V factor (NAD)?

A

H. influenza, H. haemolyticus, and H. parainfluenzae

59
Q

Which hemophilus has the ability to convert ALA to Protoporphyrin?

A

H. parainfluenzea, and H. aphrophilus

60
Q

What agars do heamophilus grown on?

A

all will grow on chocolate and (10% CO2) agar because it supplies both X and V factors

-also grow on horse or rabbit blood agar.

61
Q

What agar will haemphilus NOT grow on?

A

Sheep Blood agar because SBA contains NADase, which inactivates NAD

62
Q

What is the phenomenon known as “satelliting”?

A

When grown in media containing blood, staphylococcus aureus produces NAD (V factor) as a byproduct. It also hemolyzes blood cells, releasing hemin (factor X)

As a result Haemophilus is able to grow on sheep blood agar close to the colonies of S. aureus.

63
Q

What bacteria are bile esculin positive?

A

Entero and Listeria

64
Q

factor V is released from __________ and aids for growth of H.influence!

A

staph

65
Q

which brucella is pos on brucella dye tolerance media for BOTH thionin and fuchin?

A

Brucella melitensis

66
Q

gardnerella uses ________ media AND Hippurate Hydrolysis pos

A

tween

67
Q

What is the morphology of garnerella?

A

gram positive bacilli

68
Q

garnernell is catalase…

A

positive

69
Q

Does garnerella produce H2S?

A

No

70
Q

Lactobacillus can be confused with garnerella. the main thing is lactobacillus is normal flora and found in _________ and ________.

A

palisades

chains

71
Q

which media to use for C. diphtheriae ID

A

Loeffler and Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CBTA)

72
Q

Micrococcus is catalase _________.

A

positive

73
Q

Micrococcus is coagulase _________.

A

negative

74
Q

Mircococcus is _________ sensitive.

A

Bacitracin

75
Q

Mircooccus is oxidase _______.

A

positive

76
Q

How does mircooccus utilize sugars in the O/F test?

A

oxidatively or not at all

77
Q

O/F test:

mircococcus oxidatively —->

A

yellow w/ open tube & green w/ closed tube

78
Q

O/F test:

oxidizer –>

A

(utilizes sugar not at all) will be green / green

79
Q
A

Medical Microbiology (12 decks)

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