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NPTE > Exam A > Flashcards

Exam A Flashcards

1
Q

metabolic abnormalities in adrenal insufficiency

A 
dec cortisol
hyponatremia
hypoglycemia
hyperkalemia
possibly acidotic
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2
Q

symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

proximal muscle weakness
myalgia
joint stiffness
prolonged deep tendon reflexes

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3
Q

accessory motions of subtalar joint

A

concave navicular and cuneiform move on convex talus

convex cuboid and calcaneus move on concave talus

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4
Q

typical symptoms of juvenile RA

A 
swollen, stiff, painful joints, usually worse in morning
fatigue
fever
swollen lymph nodes
poor weight gain/slow growth
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5
Q

cervical spine coupled motions

A

sidebend and rotate same direction

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6
Q

dyssynergia

A

impairment in coordination

movements typically performed in component parts rather than single, smooth motions

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7
Q

murphy’s sign

A

pain and tenderness over costovertebral angle

may indicate acute cholecystitis or pyelonephritis

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8
Q

hiatal hernia referral pattern

A

pain usually sharp in lower esophagus/upper stomach

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9
Q

hamstring/quad torque ratio

A

around 65-70%, closer to 100 at higher speeds

at 60 deg/sec: 65%
at 180 deg/sec: 69%
at 300 deg/sec: 71%

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10
Q

thumb CMC accessory motions

A

metacarpal is convex in palmardorsal

concave mediallateral

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11
Q

salter harris fracture types

A

type 1 - non displaced across growth plate
type 2 - angulated and displaced across growth plate, continuing up shaft (most common)
type 3 - starts through growth plate, turns and exits though end of bone
type 4 - fracture through metaphysis, growth plate, epiphysis, may impact growth.
type 5 - compression

SALTER - Straight cross, Above, Lower, Through (or Two), Rammed

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12
Q

muscles that retrude jaw

A

middle and posterior temporalis, suprahyoid

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13
Q

muscles that protrude jaw

A

temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids

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14
Q

muscles that close mouth

A

masseter, temporalis, both pterygoids

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15
Q

muscles that open mouth

A

lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric, suprahyoid

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16
Q

typical arterial ulcer locations

A

distal lower leg, lateral malleolus, anterior tibial area

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17
Q

typical venous ulcer locations

A

distal lower leg, medial malleolus

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18
Q

clinical prediction rule for lumbar manipulation

A

95% chance of benefit with 4/5 of the following:

  • no sxs distal to knee
  • pain duration <16 days
  • FABQ work subscore <19
  • at least 1 hypomobile segment in lumbar spine
  • at least 1 hip with >35 deg IR
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19
Q

Treatment Based Classification criteria for abdominal stabilization

A

age <40
SLR >91 deg
aberrant motion present
positive prone instability test

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20
Q

ulcer stage classifications

A

stage 1: non-blanchable erythema, skin intact
stage 2: partial thickness skin loss, abrasion, blister, shallow crater
stage 3: full thickness skin loss, damage to or necrosis of sub-cutaneous tissue, presents as deep crater
stage 4: extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, damage to muscle, bone, supporting structures. Undermining or sinus tracts present

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21
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

proximal muscle wasting
commonly have contractures of hips, knees, plantar flexors, ITB
scoliosis presenting around age 11-12.
treatment focus on preventing contractures, maintaining ADL’s, energy conservation, family education, positioning - no strengthening

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22
Q

opisthotonos

A

posture of extreme hyperextension of neck and spine, both LE flexed and heels touching buttocks.

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23
Q

pursed lip breathing

A

increases resistance to airways on exhalation, causes increased pressure to prevent airway collapse

24
Q

APTA classification for hip OA diagnosis

A

hip pain and either:

  • IR< 15, flexion <115, age >50
  • IR<15, pain with IR, morning stiffness lasting <60 min, age >50
25
Q

transfemoral prosthetic causes of circumduction

A 
long prosthesis
locked knee
loose knee friction
inadequate suspension
ill fitting socket
plantarflexed foot
26
Q

AC sprain symptoms

A 
usually traumatic injury
shear test positive
O'Brian test positive
passive cross chest adduction painful
pain at end ranges, especially full elevation and horizontal adduction
27
Q

calcific supraspinatus tendinitis symptoms

A

can be asymptomatic - see only on imaging

if symptomatic, either:
chronic, mild pain
if large deposit, may interfere with elevation

pain can radiate to deltoid insertion, aggravated by elevation or laying on affected side

28
Q

subacromial bursitis sxs

A

pain with rest
PROM and AROM limited, but not in capsular pattern
typically painful arc

29
Q

non-fluent (expressive) aphasia

A

slow, hesitant awkward, interrupted speech, produced with effort, but produces meaningful words.

pt’s tend to have good awareness of deficit

Broca’s aphasia

30
Q

fluent (receptive) aphasia

A

impaired auditory comprehension

fluent speech that is normal rate and melody, but nonsense

Wernicke’s aphasia

pt’s often don’t realize their speech has no meaning

31
Q

LE neural tension biasing

A

SLR with…

plantarflexion and inversion - fibular
dorsiflexion and inversion - sural
dorsiflexion and eversion - tibial

32
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria

A

waist circumference > 40 men, >35 women

triglycerides > 150
HDL < 40 men, <50 women
fasting glucose > 110

33
Q

dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

A

light touch
2 pt discrimination
stereognosis
barognosis

34
Q

stereognosis

A

ability to tell what an object is via touch

35
Q

barognosis

A

ability to differentiate objects of different weights

36
Q

s&s of pneumonia

A

tachycardia
signs of lung infection
abnormal breath sounds
dullness to percussion

37
Q

thoracic outlet sxs

A 
sometimes referred pain
no change in sxs with neck motions
possible spine stiffness
possible paresthesias
reflexes may be affected
increased muscle guarding
tension tests may be positive
possible pallor and coolness in hands
possible fatigue and muscle cramps
muscle weakness in late stages
38
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
post menopause
low body weight
loss of height
sedentary lifestyle
tobacco use
hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)
39
Q

spine rotation rules in lumbar and thoracic spine

A

rotation and side bend occur opposite

40
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements

41
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to judge distance or ROM, can be over or underestimation

42
Q

Lisfranc injury

A

one or all metatarsal bones displaced from tarsus

43
Q

dyspraxia

A

impairment of skilled learned movement

disconnect b/w the idea of movement and motor execution

44
Q

effects of nitroglycerin

A

vasodilation of coronary arteries
decreasing left ventricular end diastolic volume
reduces myocardial O2 consumption

45
Q

inversion sprain - what ligament most commonly injured

A

anterior talofibular

46
Q

joint mobs to increase knee extension

A

tibial anterior glide and external rotation

47
Q

semi-fowler position

A

supine, head and torso elevated to 30 deg

48
Q

reliability coefficient cutoffs

A

good: >0.75
moderate b/w 0.5 and 0.75
poor < 0.5

49
Q

dysarthria

A

motor speech disorder, can’t talk because of musculoskeletal problem

50
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward translation of vertebral body with respect to one below

51
Q

spondylolysis

A

break in vertebra, typically in region of pars interarticularis.

may or may not result in spondylolisthesis

52
Q

turf toe

A

sprain of MTP joint due to hyperextension

53
Q

naming scoliosis

A

named for convex side

54
Q

spinothalamic pathway

A

lateral: pain and temperature
anterior: crude touch

55
Q

when to begin ROM following tendon repair

A

48-72 hours

56
Q

McBurney’s point

A

half distance b/w ASIS and umbilicus

right lower abdominal quadrant

tenderness associated with acute appendicitis

NPTE (8 decks)

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