Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE > Cardiopulm > Flashcards

Cardiopulm Flashcards

1
Q

ECG small box time

A

0.04 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ECG big box time

A

0.2 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal PR wave time

A

0.12-0.2 sec (up to one big box)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal QRS time

A

0.04 to 0.12 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ECG rate estimation

A

if regular, number of big boxes between R spikes:

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

First degree AV block

A

prolonged PR interval (> 0.2 sec, one big box)

each P wave gives rise to QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Second degree AV block, Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach)

A

PR lengthens progressively until P wave fails to create QRS

incomplete block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Second degree AV block, Mobitz type 2

A

fixed PR interval with dropped QRS every 2nd, 3rd or 4th P wave

incomplete block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Third degree AV block

A

complete heart block

P waves present, but no relationship to QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

needle-like spikes in ECG

A

usually indicate artificial pacing by a pacemaker, check for regular rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

supraventricular tachycardia

A

HR > 150, P wave often not visible, QRS normal/narrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal cholesterol

A

total < 200

LDL <160 if low risk
<130 if intermediate risk
<100 if high risk, existing heart disease, diabetes

HDL <40 men, <60 women

triglicerides < 150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

grading scale for pulses

A 
0 - absent
1+ diminished
2+ normal
3+ full pulse, increased strength
4+ bounding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

heart sound landmarks

A 
aortic valve: 2nd R intercostal space at sternal border
pulmonic valve: 2nd L intercostal space at sternal border
tricuspid valve (R AV): 4th L intercostal space, sternal border
Mitral valve (L AV): 5th L intercostal space, midclavicular line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normal INR (international normalized ratio)

A

PT/reference PT (PT: prothrombin time)

0.9-1.1

for pt’s on anticoagulation, INR will be 2-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normal CRP (C-reactive protein)

A

< 10 mg/L

> 100 mg/L associated with inflammation and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S4 heart sound

A

low frequency in late diastole, just before S1

due to exaggerated atrial contraction and turbulence

occurs in CAD, MI, aortic stenosis, chronic hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heart murmur

A

swishing sound, can be heard whenever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pericardial rub

A

leathery sound during systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S3 heart sound

A

low frequency during early diastole, after S2

due to poor ventricular compliance and turbulence

may be indicative of left ventricular failure

21
Q

S2 heart sound

A

marks end of systole

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

decreased in aortic stenosis

22
Q

S1 heart sound

A

marks beginning of systole

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

decreased in 1st degree heart block

23
Q

normal SpO2

A

98-100%

SaO2 < 88-90% requires supplemental O2

24
Q

normal PaO2

A

90-100 mmHg

25
Q

normal PaCO2

A

35-45mmHg

increased in COPD, hypoventilation
decreased in hyperventilation, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, anxiety

26
Q

normal ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

A

male <15 mm/hr
female <20 mm/hr

increased in infection and inflammation, rheumatic or pelvic inflammatory disease, osteomylitis

used to monitor effects of treatment

27
Q

normal Hct (hematocrit)

A

male: 45-52%

female 37-48%

28
Q

normal Hgb (hemoglobin)

A

male 13-18

female 12-16

29
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

30-50,000 - moderate exercise only
20-30,000 - light exercise only
<20,000 - ADL’s only

30
Q

pH of blood

A

normal: 7.35-7.45

if abnormal, look at CO2 next, if abnormal (should be 35-45), it is respiratory acid/alk. then look at HCO3 (should be 21-26)

31
Q

normal prothrombin time

A

11-15 sec

32
Q

normal partial thromboplastin time

A

25-40 sec

33
Q

normal WBC count

A

4,300-10,800 cells/mm3

use mask if <1,000-2,000

34
Q

normal RBC

A

male 4.6-6.2

female 4.2-5.9

35
Q

When are PVC’s dangerous?

A

> 6 in one minute
In paired or sequential runs
Multifocal
Very early

36
Q

ST elevation

A

acute MI

37
Q

ST depression

A

impaired coronary perfusion

38
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless alveolar unit

caused by pain during ventilatory cycle, internal bronchial obstruction, external bronchial compression, low tidal volumes, or neurological insult

39
Q

phase 1 cardiac rehab - post-MI

A

while still in hospital (3-5 days)
Initially 2-3 MET’s, up to 5 MET’s, short sessions 2-3 x/day

for 6 weeks after MI - do not exceed 70% HR max or 5 MET’s

40
Q

phase 2 cardiac rehab

A

after 3 weeks cardiac rehab, 5 weeks post MI, 8 weeks post CABG

progress up to 9 MET
2-3 sessions/week, 30-60 min with 5-10 min of warmup/cooldown

may begin resistance training, 1-3 lbs, progress to moderate loads for 12-15 reps

41
Q

MET levels

A 
1.5-2: standing/slow walking
3-4: level walking at 3 mph, bike 6 mph
5-6: walking at 4 mph, bike 10 mph
7-8: jogging at 5 mph, bike 12 mph
8-9: running 5.5 mph, bicycling 13 mph
42
Q

phase 3 cardiac rehab

A

community, must be able to work at 5 MET

progress to 50-85% of functional capacity, 3-4 times/week, >45min/session

43
Q

right heart failure symptoms

A

jugular distension and peripheral edema

higher pulmonary vascular pressures, mitral valve disease, chronic lung disease

44
Q

left heart failure (CHF)

A

pulmonary congestion, edema, low cardiac output due to backup of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

caused by excessive workload of the heart (HBP, valve disease, congenital defects), arrhythmia or heart damage.

45
Q

precautions to Trendelenburg position

A

pulmonary edema, CHF, hypertension, SOB

obesity, ascites, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, n/v, recently eaten

recent neurosurgery, increased ICP, aneurysm

46
Q

precautions for side-lying

A

axillo-femoral bypass graft

47
Q

considerations to percussion/shaking

A

treatment makes pain worse, aneurysm precautions, hemoptysis, increased PT/PTT time, decreased platelet count (<50,000)

fractures/weak bones

48
Q

changes in HR/BP with manual pressure to carotid sinus

A

decrease

NPTE (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions