Exam 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Positive (middle)
A
proton
2
Q
negative (middle)
A
neutron
3
Q
negative (outside shell)
A
electron
4
Q
A charge that can move from one atom to another
A
electron (negative charge)
5
Q
A neutral object has exactly the same number of?
A
protons and electrons
6
Q
+-+-+-+-
-+-+-+-+
+-+-+-+-
A
neutral charge
7
Q
+–+–
–+–+–
+–+–+
A
negative charge
it gained electrons
8
Q
Neutral object
A
it is attracted to a positive surface
it is attracted to a negative surface
is has the same number of protons as electrons
9
Q
How does electric force change as the amount of charge is increased?
A
Electric force increases
10
Q
What is the relationship between distance and electric force?
A
if the distance between charged objects increases, the electric force decreases
11
Q
Electrochemical cell
A
converts chemical energy into electrical energy
12
Q
potential energy
A
stored energy
13
Q
potential difference
A
another name for voltage
14
Q
electrode
A
battery terminal
15
Q
electrolyte
A
conducts electricity
16
Q
Voltmeter
A
measure the of amount of potential difference (voltage) in a circuit
17
Q
Unit for measuring potential difference
A
volt (V)
18
Q
Different names for the same thing
A
battery
electrochemical cell
19
Q
—— (A) ——
A
ammeter
20
Q
Ampere
A
unit for electric current
21
Q
ammeter
A
device used to measure current
22
Q
Examples for electric load:
A
a motor
a heater
a light bulb
23
Q
I = V / R
A
formula for current
24
Q
R = V / I
A
formula for resistance
25
V = I x R
formula for voltage (symbols)
26
volts (V)
unit for voltage
27
ohms (Ω)
unit for resistance
28
amperes (A)
unit for current
29
Name of the law given to the mathematical relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?
Ohm's law
30
Resistance
it resists the flow of electrons
it causes the electron's electrical energy to be converted to heat and light energy
31
What happens if resistance is increased in a circuit?
Both voltage and current will decrease
32
----〰️ 〰️-----
a resistor
33
6 V battery is connected to a 10 Ω resistor. What is the current flow?
0.6 A
34
Symbol for current
I
35
What is voltage
electric potential difference
36
ohmmeter
a device that measures the resistance in a circuit
37
dry cell
```
positive terminal
plastic insulator
moist plate
carbon rod
negative terminal
```
38
wet cell
```
positive terminal
lead plate
battery solution
lead-dioxide plate
partition
negative terminal
```
39
Difference between dry/wet cell
Dry cell: used for flashlights, portable CD, and watches
Wet cell: used in cars, motorcycles, and electric wheelchair
40
Three laws of static charge
opposite charges attract
like charges repel
neutral objects are attracted to charged objects
41
(++++++) + (--++-+)
attract
41
(------) + (++++++)
attract
41
(------) + (--+++--)
attract
41
(------) + (------)
repel
41
(++++++) + (++++++)
repel
42
(------) + (++++++)
attract
43
if an atom loses an electron
positive charge
44
if an atom gains electrons
negative charge
45
examples of insulators
glass and acetate
46
examples of good conductors
metals like copper and aluminum
47
unit for electric charge
coulomb
48
to create a static charge
van da graaff generator
49
grounding
allow static charge to flow into earth's surface
50
electric force
push or pull between charged objects
51
electroscope
device that can detect the presence of charge
52
conduction
when objects touch and an electric charge is transferred
53
induction
when objects are charged without touching
54
resistor
used to control current or voltage
55
current
amount of charge passing in a conductor
56
voltage in circuit series
VT = V1 + V2
57
Current in circuit series
IT = I1 = I2
58
resistance in parallel series
R2 > R1
59
voltage in parallel series
VT = V1 = V2
60
current parallel series
IT = I1 + I2
61
neutral particle that is made up of atoms that are joined together by covalent bonds
molecules
62
repeating pattern of positive and negative ions
ionic lattice
63
ion made up if two or more atoms that are joined together with covalent bonds
ionic compound
64
atoms combine by sharing electrons to form molecules
covalent compound
65
atoms in non-metals tend to gain
electrons
66
can be formed when there is electron transfer between non-metals and metals
ionic bond
67
formed due to the sharing of electrons between two non-metals
a molecule
a covalent bond
a covalent compound
68
water is a(n)?
covalent compound
69
when new products form
chemical change
70
appearance of the substance change
physical change
71
amount of space that a substance takes up
volume
72
amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance
density
73
measure of how easily electricity or heat can pass through
conductivity
74
cannot be broken down into simpler substances
element
75
amount of matter in an object
mass
76
Kinetic molecular theory
particles are constantly moving
all matter is made up of very small particles
there are empty spaces between particles in a substance
77
what happens when heat is added to a substance
particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster
78
Discovered the nucleus
rutherford
79
suggested that all matter is made of atoms
dalton
80
proposed the 'raisin bun' model of the atom
thomson
81
proposed that electrons exist in energy levels
bohr
82
was not part of dalton's theory
atoms can be created or destroyed
83
was not part of rutherford's theory
most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in electrons
84
electrical charge of the nucleus of an atom
positive charge
85
final stage of the cell cycle, separates nuclei and cell contents
cytokinesis
86
first and longest stage of the cell cycle
interphase
87
cell's nucleus divided into two equal parts
mitosis
88
tiny tubes structures made of protein
chromosomes
89
chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell
metaphase
90
duplicated chromosomes from into an X shape
prophase
91
chromosomes move apart to opposite ends
anaphase
92
nucleolus forms around the chromosome
telophase
93
two sets of chromosomes
diploid number
94
develops from a zygote
embryo
95
gametes from two parents combine
fertilazation
96
specialized cells; sperm and eggs
gametes
97
variety in species
genetic diversity
98
one set of chromosomes
haploid number
99
matching chromosomes
homologous chromosomes
100
produces off springs that genetically different from each other
sexual repoduction
101
diploid cell formed by the process of fertilization
zygote
102
human body cells have
46 chromosomes
103
meiosis produces gametes with
23 chromosomes
104
1 diploid cell -> 2 haploid cells
meiosis 1
105
2 haploid cells -> 4 haploid cells
meiosis 2
106
3 stages of embryonic development
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
107
develops skin and nervous system
brain and spinal cord are forming
fingers, ears and toes have appeared
ectoderm
108
develops skeleton and reproductive organs
eyelids open
movements are felt
can survive outside of mother
mesoderm
109
develops digestive system
rapid weight gain due to the growth and accumulation of fat
endoderm
110
development of body structures from blastula
differentation
111
development during first eight weeks
embryonic development
112
brain and spinal cord form
four weeks
113
movements form
sixteen weeks
114
involves collecting sperm from male and injecting it into female
artificial insemination
115
egg cell is mixed with sperm and injected into fallopian tubes
gamete intrafallopian tube
116
fertilizing and egg cell in petri dish
vitro fertilization
117
single sperm is injected into an egg cell
intracytoplasmic sperm injection
118
embryos develop
uterus
119
P= E/T
formula for power rating
120
symbol for power
P
121
Unit for power
W
122
E= P*T
formula for electrical energy
123
T=E/P
formula for how many hours or minutes
124
Order of Mitosis
```
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
```
125
Matter Diagram
Mixtures:
Mechanical Mixtures
Suspension
Pure substance:
Solutions
Compounds
Elements
126
Types of mutations
Subtraction
Addition
Substition
127
What does a body cell need?
Protein
128
4 types of mutations
Bacteria
Radiation
Chemicals
Stress
129
Male
XY
Male with always with Y
130
Female
XX
Always all X
131
Classes of matter that are homogeneous?
Compound
Element
Solution
132
Classes of matter that were heterogeneous?
Suspension
| Mechanical Mixture
133
Three major groups of the periodic table?
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloids
