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SCIENCE > Chapter 1 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume.

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2
Q

What is all matter made up of?

A

Very small particles

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3
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object.

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4
Q

Volume

A

The amount of a space an object occupies.

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5
Q

Density

A

Amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.

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6
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that is made up of only 1 type of atom. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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7
Q

Each of the three states of matter can change when _______ is added or removed.

A

heat

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8
Q

Conductivity

A

Describes how easily electricity or heat can move through material.

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9
Q

_______ energy is the energy of movement.

A

Kinetic

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10
Q

Solid

A

Particles that are packed so tightly together that they can only vibrate in place.

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11
Q

Liquid

A

Particles that are father apart and can slide past each other.

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12
Q

Gas

A

Particles that are very far apart and move around freely and quickly.

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13
Q

The kinetic molecular theory describes what happens to the particles of matter during a _______

A

charge of state.

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14
Q

Oxygen and gold are examples of ________, which cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.

A

elements

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15
Q

What is removed from gaseous gold to cause it to change to a liquid?

A

Heat energy

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16
Q

What change of state occurs at Gaseous gold –(l)–> Liquid gold?

A

Condensation

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17
Q

What change of state occurs at Liquid gold –(ll)–> Solid gold

A

Solidification or freezing

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18
Q

What happens to the temperature as solid gold turns to a liquid?

A

Temperature increases

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19
Q

Describe the change in kinetic energy as the temperature increases.

A

Kinetic energy increases and the particles spread out more so that they can slide past one another,

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20
Q

Describe the change in the arrangement of the gold particles as heat energy is added.

A

The particles spread out more and move freely to spread out farther and faster.

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21
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

Particles are constantly moving.
All matter is made up of very small particles.
There are empty spaces between particles in a substance.

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22
Q

What happens when heat is added to a substance?

A

Particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster.

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23
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature which a solid changes into a liquid.

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24
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature which a liquid changes into a gas.

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25
Q

( - ) ( - ) outside layer

A

Electron

26
Q

( - ) ( - ) around the nucleus

A

Shell

27
Q

( + ) ( + ) in the middle

A

Proton

28
Q

( - ) ( - ) in the middle

A

Neutron

29
Q

( + ) ( + ) , ( - ) ( - ) in the middle

A

Nucleus

30
Q

Dalton

A

Suggested that all matter is made of atoms.

31
Q

Bohr

A

Proposed that electrons exist in energy levels called shells or orbitals.

32
Q

Rutherford

A

Discovered the nucleus and its subatomic particles. He suggested that the nucleus was made up of positive charged particles called protons and particles with no charge called neutrons.

33
Q

Thomson

A

Proposed the “raisin bun” model of atom.

Observed streams of negatively charged particles in gas discharge tubes.

34
Q

What was not apart of Rutherford’s atomic theory?

A

Most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in electrons.

35
Q

What is the electrical charge of the nucleus of an atom?

A

Positive charge

36
Q

Three Stages of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

37
Q

What were the first elements?

A

Water, Fire, Earth, Air

38
Q

What were the first elements proposed by?

A

Alchemists (European)

39
Q

What is atom made out of?

A

Subatomic particles

40
Q

What are the three atoms?

A

Electron, Proton, and Neutron

41
Q

What was the purpose of the alchemists?

A

To change metal into gold.

42
Q

What are the three categories of elements?

A

Non metal, Metals, or Metalloids

43
Q

Metal properties:

A 
Shiny metallic appearance 
Solid at room temperature 
High melting/density points
Malleable 
Ductile
Electric conductors
Thermal conductors
Large atomic radii
44
Q

Non-metal properties:

A

Poor conductors of electricity and heat
Non-Ductile
Transparent
Can be solid, liquid, or gas

45
Q

Metalloids properties:

A 
Solid
Can be shiny or dull
May conduct electricity 
Poor conductors of heat
Non-Ductile
46
Q

Chemical symbol

A

A universally recognized rotation method of representing an element.

47
Q

Rules for element symbol?

A

Have 1 or 2 letters
First letter is capitalized
Second letter is lowercase

48
Q

Chemical property

A

A substance ability to react when combined with another substance to form a new product.

49
Q

Physical property

A

Matter that can be measured or observed.

50
Q

Most of the atoms mass is the _______?

A

Nucleus

51
Q

Most of the atoms volume is______?

A

e-

52
Q

Describe protons, electrons, and neutrons.

A

Protons have positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no electric charge.

53
Q

Changes of state

A 
Solidification/Freezing
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation 
Sublimation
Deposition
54
Q

Physical change

A

The original substance still exists, it has only changed in form.

55
Q

Chemical change

A

A new substance is produced.

56
Q

Homogeneous

A

Looks the same though out.

57
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Does not look the same throughout.

58
Q

Which classes of matter are homogeneous?

A

Compound, Element, Solution

59
Q

Which classes of matter are heterogenous?

A

Suspension, Mechanical Mixture

60
Q

How do you determine if a substance is a element or a compound?

A

If its pure substance and is made up of 1 atom.

SCIENCE (9 decks)

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