Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Main causes of heart failure? (4)

A

Ischaemic heart disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Valvular heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart sounds in heart failure?

A

May be S3 gallop rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Management of heart failure:

a) first line
b) second line
c) third line

A

a) ACEi + BB
b) + one of spironolactone, ARB, hydralazine+nitrate
c) digoxin, cardiac resynchronization, ivabradine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of stable angina? (4)

A

GTN
B blockers +/- calcium blocker
Angioplasty + stent
CABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Calcium blockers in angina used for a) monotherapy b) combination with beta blocker

A

a) rate-limiting- verapamil, diltiazem

b) dihydropiridine- modified release nifedipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indication for CABG?

A

Extensive three-vessel disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACS secondary prevention? (4)

A

Aspirin + clopidogrel
ACE inhibitor
Beta blocker
Statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Commonest cause of death following MI?

A

Arrest -V. fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DDx of new early-to-mid systolic murmur, post-MI? (2)

A

Acute mitral regurgutation secondary to papillary muscle rupture

Ventricular septal rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Persistent ST elevation weeks after MI, signs of heart failure?

A

LV aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tall R waves in V1-V2 +/- ST depression in V1-V3

A

Posterior MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of NSTEMI/unstable angina (4)

A

Aspirin 300mg, clopidogrel 300mg

Nitrates/morphine PRN for chest pain

Antithrombin treatment (fondaparinux) if not contraindicated

Intravenous tirofibban if undergoing angiography in next 96 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When would fondaparinux be contraindicated in NSTEMI and what is given instead?

A

Patient having angiography within 24 hrs; creatinine greater than 265umol/l

Unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of STEMI? (4)

A

Aspirin + P2Y12 receptor antagonist

Unfractionated heparin (if undergoing PCI)

Oxygen if hypoxic

PCI/thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chest pain in first 48 hours following MI, worse when lying down, associated with pericardial rub?

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1-2 week post MI: acute heart failure, raised JVP, dimished heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus?

A

Left ventricular wall rupture causing tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ischaemia/infarction/fibrosis of the sinus node, presenting with bradycardia and intermittent tachycardia

A

Sick sinus syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rate control options in AF? (3)

A

Beta blockers
Verapamil/diltiazem
Digoxin (if co-existent heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Low potassium enhances the toxicity of…

A

Digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Management of acute atrial fibrillation (less than 48 hrs since onset)

a) if adverse features present
b) no adverse features

A

a) synchronized DC shock as for any other tachyarrythmia

b) Electrical or chemical cardioversion; or rate control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drugs used for chemical cardioversion in AF? (2)

A

Amiodarone (use if evidence of structural/ischaemic heart disease)
Flecainide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Regular narrow-complex tachycardia that DOES NOT respond to vagal manouevres/adenosine

A

Atrial flutter

23
Q

Management of atrial flutter? (2)

A

Rate control as for AF

Sinus node catheter ablation

24
Q

Heart block:

a) prolonged PR interval, constant
b) progressive lengthening of PR interval
c) intermittent dropped QRS complexes
d) complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity

A

a) 1st degree
b) 2nd degree Mobitz 1
c) 2nd degree Mobitz 2
d) CHB

25
Q

Syncope as a result of asystole?

A

Stokes Adams attacks

26
Q

When should heart block be treated with permanent pacing?

A

Symptomatic Mobitz 1

Mobitz 2 and CHB

27
Q

Secondary causes of hypertension? (5)

A 
Renal parenchymal disease
Renal artery stenosis
Primary aldosteronism
Phaeochromocytoma
Cushing's syndrome
28
Q

The treatment target for BP in under 80 year olds and over 80 year olds?

A

Under- 140/90

Over- 150/90

29
Q

Step 1 in hypertension treatment algorithm?

A

Patients under 55- ACE inhibitor or ARB (A)

Patients over 55/Caribbean- Calcium blocker (C)

30
Q

Hypertension algorithm:
Step 2
Step 3

A

A + C

A + C + D

31
Q

Thiazide diuretics of choice?

A

Indapamide

32
Q

Complete heart block following an MI- vessel affected?

A

Right coronary artery

33
Q

What are the two main differentials of a tachycardia with wide QRS?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

A supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction e.g. AF with BBB

34
Q

If any patient with tachycardia has adverse signs, what treatment is indicated?

A

Synchronized DC shock (cardioversion)

35
Q

Wide QRS with slurred upstroke

A

Wolff-parkinson White

36
Q

Management of SVT? (3)

A

Vagal manouevres
Adenosine
Cardioversion

37
Q

Management of regular broad complex tachycardia with no adverse signs?

A

Amiodarone- loading dose followed by infusion over 24hrs

38
Q

Treatment of polymorphic VT?

A

IV magnsium/cardioversion

39
Q

Why does ventricular tachycardia need to be treated immediately?

A

Potential to precipitate ventricular fibrillation causing cardiac arrest

40
Q

What is the most important metabolic cause of ventricular tachycardia?

A

Hypokalaemia

41
Q

Continuous machinery murmur + left subclavicular thrill

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

42
Q

Notching of the inferior margins of the ribs + diminished lower limb pulses

A

Coarctation of the aorta

43
Q

Management of bradycardia with adverse signs/risk of asystole?

A

Atropine

44
Q

Central chest pain relieved by sitting forward + saddle shaped widespread ST elevation

A

Pericarditis

45
Q

Management of anaphylaxis (5)

A

Secure airway and support oxygenation
IV fluids
500mcg of 1:1000 adrenaline IM
Chlorphenamine + Hydrocortisone

46
Q

Causative organisms in endocarditis? (4)

A

Strep viridans
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis
HACEK bacteria

47
Q

Criteria used for diagnosis in infective endocarditis?

A

Duke criteria

48
Q

Retinal haemorrhages with a pale centre?

A

Roth spots

49
Q

Painful infarcts on finger pulps?

A

Oslers nodes

50
Q

Painless macules on palms/soles?

A

Janeway lesions

51
Q

STEMI ECG changes: area and vessel?

II, III and aVF

A

Inferior; RCA

52
Q

STEMI ECG changes: area and vessel?

I, V5, V6

A

Lateral; circumflex artery

53
Q

STEMI ECG changes: area and vessel?

V1/V2

A

Septal; LAD

54
Q

STEMI ECG changes: area and vessel?

V3/V4

A

Anterior; LAD

Cardiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions