Congenital heart defects Flashcards
Persistent connection between the pulmonary trunk and descending aorta?
Patent ductus arteriosus
Predisposing factors to PDA? (3)
Pre-term birth
Born at high altitude
Maternal 1st trimester rubella infection
Examination features of PDA? (5)
Left subclavicular thrill Continuous "machinery" murmur Bounding/collapsing pulse Wide pulse pressure Heaving apex beat
Management of PDA? (2)
Indomethacin
If associated with other defects- surgical repair, prostaglandin E1 keeps duct open until after repair
Why is PDA an acyanotic defect?
Causes a left-right shunt (rather than vice-versa)
What is the commonest form of acyanotic congenital heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What are the features of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Aorta over-riding the VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Stenosis in the aortic arch, distal to the left subclavian artery
Adult form of coarctation of the aorta
What is the underlying pathogenesis of the symptoms seen in adult aortic coarctation?
Hypertension in the areas supplied proximal to the stenosis; hypotension in the areas supplied distal to the stenosis
Features of adult coarctation of the aorta?
Headache, dizziness
Claudication
Notching of the inferior margins of the ribs
Why does rib notching occur in coarctation of the aorta?
Development of collateral arterial supplies
Cardiac problems associated with Marfan syndrome? (3)
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic aneurysm predisposing to dissection
Cardiac problem associated with Turner syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
What is Ebstein’s anomaly?
Congenital displacement of septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets
What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
Process where an acyanotic shunt (i.e. left to right) becomes cyanotic (i.e. right to left) as a result of pulmonary hypertension
