EXAM 5 STUDY Flashcards
Types of Animal Diets?
Herbivores = feed mainly on plants and algae
Carnivores = mainly eat other animals
Omnivores = eat animals as well as plants and algae
Why food needs to be broken down?
Digestion is important for breaking food down into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair
The food must be converted into smaller molecules before the blood can absorb them and can carry them to cells in the body.
What are the four stages of food processing?
- Ingestion = Eating
- Digestion = Breakdown of food into molecules for the body to absorb
- Absorption = Uptake of the small nutrient molecules by cells lining the digestive tract
- Elimination = Disposal of undigested materials left over from food
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Mechanical digestion = Breaks chunks of food into small pieces mostly by physical means followed by chemical digestion
Chemical digestion = happens via hydrolysis, and requires enzymes
What are the 2 types of digestive compartments in animals?
Gastrovascular cavity = Compartment with a single opening
Alimentary canal (digestive tract) = Tube from mouth to anus
Major components of the human digestive system?
Alimentary canal chronological organs = Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Anus
Accessory organs = Salivary glands, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas
Specific functions of the human digestive system?
Mouth = Where food is ingested and where digestion starts
Pharynx = Food going into the correct pipe, air passageway, and food passageway
Esophagus = Connects the pharynx to the stomach, and moves food bolus by peristalsis
Stomach = Large organ that acts as an expandable storage tank, holding enough food for several hours (2-6 hrs)
Small intestine = Longest part of the alimentary canal and major organ for final chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
Large intestine = Absorbs water from the alimentary canal, and produces feces
What is Bolus?
A mass of food that has been chewed at the point of swallowing
Why is Epiglottis important?
Protects your ability to breathe by protecting your larynx.
What is Bile?
Bile is a juice produced by the liver, it helps break down fats into small droplets which are then further broken down by the enzyme lipase.
Examples of Asexual Reproduction?
Binary fission = The separation of a parent into two or more offspring of about equal size
Budding = The outgrowth and splitting off of a new individual from the parent
Fragmentation = The breaking of the body into several pieces, followed by regeneration
Male chronological organs and functions
Testes = Gonads; produces sperm and testosterone
Epididymis = Where sperm matures
Vas deferens = Hangout site
Ejaculatory duct = Where sperm gets mixed with liquid to become semen
Urethra = Extends throughout the penis for ejaculation
Why do the Testes need to be located outside the abdominal cavity?
The temperature of the testicles needs to be cooler than the inside of the body.
Why is the Acrosome important?
It helps the sperm get through the egg’s protective coat and allows the plasma membranes of the sperm and egg to fuse.
Female reproductive structure?
Ovary = Gonad; where immature eggs are stored
Fallopian tube = Site for fertilization
Uterus = Site for implantation
Cervix = Opening of the uterus leading to the vagina
