EXAM 3 Flashcards
What important thing occurs during the interphase stage?
DNA Replication
Chronological Sequence of Mitosis.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
What is the cause of uncontrolled rapid division of cells?
Cancer
What stage does DNA Replication occur?
In the āSā phase of Interphase
Why do chromosomes get cut in half in Mitosis?
The number is reduced to half so that after the fertilization of a fusion of male and female gamete the original number can be restored. This way the offspring will have the same chromosome number. (23 + 23 = 46)
What does Mitosis produce?
Produces 2 diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells and each other.
What does Meiosis produce?
Reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces 4 haploid daughter cells.
Prophase important events that occur
During prophase, DNA condenses into chromosomes and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to dissolve or break down. Microtubules begin to grow from centrioles and form the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase important events that occur
During metaphase, chromosomes align at the middle (equator) of the cell using microtubules as a support system. The chromosomes align themselves between the two poles. The microtubules grow long enough to attach to the chromosomes at their centromeres.
Anaphase important events that occur
During anaphase, the microtubules pull and separate the sister chromatids from each other, pulling them toward the two poles of the cell.
Telophase important events that occur
During Telophase, nuclear envelopes form, the chromosomes uncoil (decondense), and the mitotic spindle disappears. Telophase is the opposite of prophase.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes come from two different sources but have the same chromosome number ( One from the mother, One from the father)
Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
Meiosis undergoes PMAT 2 times, Crossing over happens in Meiosis, and the number of daughter cells produced differs. (Meiosis produces 4, Mitosis produces 2)
If there are 15 chromosomes in your blood cells, how many are there in your liver cells?
15 chromosomes.
If there are 16 chromosomes in your blood cells, how many are in the egg?
8 chromosomes (split in half)
Similarities between Mitosis and Meiosis
DNA Replication has to happen,
Does DNA Replication occur once or twice in Meiosis?
Once
Why are women short-changed? (Not fair)
They are born with a set number of eggs that die off when reach puberty.
What is Cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm divides to form two new identical daughter cells which will enter the G1 phase of interphase,
Do all cells in your body undergo a cell cycle at the same speed?
No, not the same speed or frequency.
What is Genetics?
The scientific study of heredity.
What is Genotype?
Genetic makeup for a particular character
What is Phenotype?
Physical characteristics/manifestations based on the genotype.
What is Heredity?
The vertical transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
