EXAM 3

Question 1

What important thing occurs during the interphase stage?

Answer 1

DNA Replication

Question 2

Chronological Sequence of Mitosis.

Answer 2

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)

Question 3

What is the cause of uncontrolled rapid division of cells?

Answer 3

Cancer

Question 4

What stage does DNA Replication occur?

Answer 4

In the “S” phase of Interphase

Question 5

Why do chromosomes get cut in half in Mitosis?

Answer 5

The number is reduced to half so that after the fertilization of a fusion of male and female gamete the original number can be restored. This way the offspring will have the same chromosome number. (23 + 23 = 46)

Question 6

What does Mitosis produce?

Answer 6

Produces 2 diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells and each other.

Question 7

What does Meiosis produce?

Answer 7

Reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces 4 haploid daughter cells.

Question 8

Prophase important events that occur

Answer 8

During prophase, DNA condenses into chromosomes and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to dissolve or break down. Microtubules begin to grow from centrioles and form the mitotic spindle.

Question 9

Metaphase important events that occur

Answer 9

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the middle (equator) of the cell using microtubules as a support system. The chromosomes align themselves between the two poles. The microtubules grow long enough to attach to the chromosomes at their centromeres.

Question 10

Anaphase important events that occur

Answer 10

During anaphase, the microtubules pull and separate the sister chromatids from each other, pulling them toward the two poles of the cell.

Question 11

Telophase important events that occur

Answer 11

During Telophase, nuclear envelopes form, the chromosomes uncoil (decondense), and the mitotic spindle disappears. Telophase is the opposite of prophase.

Question 12

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 12

Chromosomes come from two different sources but have the same chromosome number ( One from the mother, One from the father)

Question 13

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 13

Meiosis undergoes PMAT 2 times, Crossing over happens in Meiosis, and the number of daughter cells produced differs. (Meiosis produces 4, Mitosis produces 2)

Question 14

If there are 15 chromosomes in your blood cells, how many are there in your liver cells?

Answer 14

15 chromosomes.

Question 15

If there are 16 chromosomes in your blood cells, how many are in the egg?

Answer 15

8 chromosomes (split in half)

Question 16

Similarities between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 16

DNA Replication has to happen,

Question 17

Does DNA Replication occur once or twice in Meiosis?

Answer 17

Once

Question 18

Why are women short-changed? (Not fair)

Answer 18

They are born with a set number of eggs that die off when reach puberty.

Question 19

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 19

The cytoplasm divides to form two new identical daughter cells which will enter the G1 phase of interphase,

Question 20

Do all cells in your body undergo a cell cycle at the same speed?

Answer 20

No, not the same speed or frequency.

Question 21

What is Genetics?

Answer 21

The scientific study of heredity.

Question 22

What is Genotype?

Answer 22

Genetic makeup for a particular character

Question 23

What is Phenotype?

Answer 23

Physical characteristics/manifestations based on the genotype.

Question 24

What is Heredity?

Answer 24

The vertical transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

Question 25

Blood groups

Answer 25

A, AB, B, O